| A | B |
|---|
| Organic compound | Anything that is based on Carbon; all compounds that contain bonds between Carbon atoms |
| Macromolecules | Giant Molecules |
| Polymerization | a process of building large molecules by joining smaller molecules together |
| Monomers | Small Units; smallest unit |
| Dimers | Monomer + Monomer = a dimer |
| Polymer | Formed by adding monomers together; large unit |
| Name the four organic compounds | Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids |
| Carbohydrates | Used for E. Plants and some animals also use it for structural purposes; composed of C, H and O; a 1:2:1 ratio |
| Name the monomers (simplest units of carbs) | The monomers for carbs are called monosaccharides. The monosaccharides are glucose, galactose and fructose |
| Glucose | Major fuel source; a monosaccharide |
| What are the dimers of Carbs? | The dimers are called disaccharides. They are sucrose, lactose and maltose |
| what are the polysaccharides of carbs? | These are the large macromolecules formed from monosaccharides; They are glycogen (animal starch - stored in liver; plant starch - stores excess sugar; cellulose is the other polysaccharide - it is from plants; it gives plants strength and rigidity |
| Cellulose | Polysaccharide; plant; gives strenght and rigidity |
| Glycogen | Polysaccharide; animal starch stored in liver |
| Plant Starch | Polysaccharide; stores excess sugar in plants |
| Lactose | Disaccharide; milk sugar |
| Saccharide | Sugar |
| Peptide | Protein |
| Lipid | Fat |
| True or False: Lipids are not soluble in water. | True |
| Roles of Lipids | Store E, some are parts of biological membranes and water proof coverings |
| How is a Lipid formed? | By a glycerol molecule combining with substances called fatty acids |
| What are saturated fats? | It means that they contain the maximum number of H atoms |
| What are unsaturated fats? | If it has at least one carbon to carbon double bond in a fatty acid |
| What does polyunsaturated mean? | Lipids which tend to be liquds; olive oil is an example |
| Name the two nucleic acids | DNA and RNA |
| What is the role of a nucleic acid? | To store and transmit hereditary or store genetic information |
| RNA | Ribonucleic Acid; its' sugar is Ribose |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic Acid; its sugar is deoxyribose |
| Proteins | Macromolecule; contains N as well as C, H and O |
| What are the monomers of proteins | They are called the amino acids; there are 20 different amino acids |
| What are the roles of proteins? | Some proteins or polypeptides control the rate of reactions and regulate cell processes; others are used to form bone and muscles; others transport substnqaces in and out of cells to fight diseases |
| What is the role of H bonds and Van der Waals force with proteins? | They help maintain the shape of the protein |
| What is the role of the covalent bond with amino acids? | Covalent bonds bond amino acids together when they are forming dipetptides opolypeptides |
| What does an amino acid look like? | It has a carboxyl group end (-COOH) and an amino group |
| How do amino acids bond with each other? | The amino group of one amino acid bonds with the carboxyl group of the other amino acid |
| Dehydration Synthesis | The removal of water to form a large molecule. Example: Glucose + Galactose - water = Lactose + water |
| Hydrolysis | Adding water to form a smaller substance. Example: Lactose + water = Glucose + glucose - water |
| What does saccharide mean? | Sugar |
| What does monosaccharide mean? | It means a simple sugar (either Glucose, Fructose or Galactose) |
| What is a disaccharide? | Two monosaccharides added together to form a disaccharide. An example would be glucose + fructose - water forms sucrose (table sugar - a disaccharide) |
| Is a disaccharide an example of a dimer? | Yes, it is a dimer of a carbohydrate |
| What is a peptide? | Term associated with proteins. It means small digestibles |
| What is a dipeptide | It is an amino acid (smallest unit of a protein) + an amino acid forms a dipeptide |
| Is a dipeptide the same as a dimer? | Yes, it is the dimer for proteins |
| How would I recognize a carbohydrate? | It looks similar to this formula: C6H12O6. Look at the numbers - it is a 1:2:1 |
| What are the largest macromolecules formed by monosaccharides (simple sugars)? | They are called the polysaccharides - starch, glycogen and cellulose |
| What are the four groups of organic compounds> | Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids and Nucleic Acids |
| What do smaller units called monomers build? | They build polymers. |
| What is a macromolecule to a polymer? | Macromolecules are very large, giant, molecules especially when used in reference to large biological polymers such as proteins, carbs, lipids and nuceleic acid |
| The process by which a plant obtains glucose | Photosynthesis |
