| A | B |
|---|
| Chemical Reaction | Process that changes, or transforms one set of chemicals into another; example, Iron (Fe) + Oxygen (O) = RUST |
| Soluble | To mix with water |
| Is Carbon Dioxide, found in our blood, soluble? | No, it is not very soluble |
| Why is it necessary for Carbon Dioxide to be soluble in the human body? | The bloodstream needs to carry a lot of Carbon Dioxide to the lungs so we can exhale it. The blood picks up Carbon Dioxide from all of the tissues of the body |
| What has to happen to Carbon Dioxide, in our bloodstream, to make it more soluble? | CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) must undergo a chemical reaction to produce a soluble compound. |
| How is CO2 made soluble in our bloodstream? | As it enters the blood, CO2 reacts with water to produce a highly soluble compound |
| What is the name of the soluble compound that CO2 becomes in our bloodstream | When CO2 mixes with water in the bloodstream, it becomes a soluble compound called Carbonic Acid (H2CO3). CO2 + Water forms H2CO3 (Carbonic Acid) |
| What happens when H2CO3 reaches the lungs? It can't stay as Carbonic Acid because we exhale a gas called CO2. | In the lungs, the reaction is reversed. H2CO3 = CO2 + water. Thus, you exhale the gas Carbon Dioxide |
| What happens to chemical bonds when they undergo chemical reactions? | The chemical bonds also undergo changes |
| Reactants | The elements or compound that enter into a chemical reaction. Example CO2 + H2O are the reactants to the formula for making Carbonic Acid |
| Products | The elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction. Example Carbonic Acid (H2CO3) is the product of CO2 + H2o |
| What happens to E when chemical bonds are formed or broken? | E is either released or absorbed |
| True or False: Since chemical reactions involve breaking and forming bonds, they involve changes in E. | True |
| T OR F: E changes are one of the most important factors in determining whether a chemical reaction will occur or not. | True |
| T or F: Chemical reactions htat release E often occur spontaneously. | True |
| T or F: Chemical reacations that absorb E will not occur without a source of E. | True |
| Give an example of an E releasing reaction. | H is a gas. O is a gas. H gas burning + Oxygen = Water Vapor. This E can be released in the form of heat, and sometimes when H explodes, light and sound |
| Give an example of an E being absorbed. | Take the example of the water vapor. When you want to change water vapor into H gas and O gas, you reverse the procedure. This process ABSORBS so much E that it cannot generally occur by itself---NOT SPONTANEOUS. You actually have to pass an electric current through the water to change it back inot H and O. |
| What is the major difference between absorbe E and released E in terms of E changes? | Absorbed E is not spontaneous and released E is spontaneous |
| What do organisms have to do to stay alive? | Carry out reactions that require E. |
| T or F: EVery organism must have a source of E to carry out chemical reactions. | True |
| T or F: Plants get their E by trapping and storing sunlight in energy rich compounds | True |
| Animals get they E when they consume plants and or other animals | True |
| T or F: Humans release the E needed to grow tall, to breathe, to think, and even to dream through the chemical reaactions that occur when humans METABOLIZE, or break down, digested food. | True |
| T or F: Even chemical reactions that release E do not always occur spontaneously | True - example: Paper is made of a polysaccharide called Cellulose. Cellulose in paper burns in the presence of O and releases Heat and Light. However, it will only burn if it is lit by a match. The match supplies the E to get the reaction started. |
| What do we call the E that is needed to start a reaction? (Example is the match that lit the paper) | Activation E |
| What is another way of describing activation E? | It is the factor in whether the overall reactions releases E or absorbs E |
| Catalyst | It is a substance made by cells. It is a substance that can speed up the rate of a reaction. |
| How do catalysts work? | By lowering a reaction's activation E |
| Enzyme | Enzymes are proteins. They act as as biogical catalysts. They speed up chemical reactions that take place in cell |
| How would I recognize an enzyme? | It ends in "ase." An example is AMYLASE - enzyme in our saliva that starts the breakdown of starch |
| T or F: Enzymes are specific | True; they generally catalyze only one chemical reaction. Exmple Carobonic Anyhydrase breaks down Carbon Acid (H2CO3) |
| Substrate | That which are the reactants of enzyme catalyzed reaction. Example: CO2 + Water acted upon by Carbonic Anydrase = Carbonic Acid (H2CO3) |
| Where do the substrates bind on the enzyme? | On a place called the active site |
| T or F: Because enzymes are catalysts fro reactions, enzymes can be affected by any variable that influences a chemical reaction (Example: Temperature and pH) | True ---Enzymes do best with a temp closer to 98.6 degrees. Higher or lower can affect the activity of the enzyme.y |
| What are the roles or functions of enzymes? | To regulate chemical pathways, make material that cells need, release E and transfer information |
| What is the lock - key theory? | It explains how the substrate and the active site fit each other perfectly thus allowing the enzyme to do its job |
| T or F: Enzymes, including those that digest food, work best at certain pH values. | True |
