| A | B |
|---|
| Cluster Sample | is a sampling technique where the entire population is divided
into groups, or clusters, and a random sample of these clusters are selected. |
| Confounding Variable | Occurs when an experimenter cannot tell the difference
between the effects of different factors on a variable. |
| Continuous variables | is one which takes an infinite number of possible values.
Continuous random variables are usually measurements. |
| Control Group | A group of subjects which does not receive the experimental
treatment but in all other respects is treated in the same way as the experimental group. |
| Convenience Sample | Consists only of available members of the population. |
| Data | Consist of information coming from observations, counts, measurements,
or responses.
Data Set, |
| Data Value Or Datum | The dataValue object represents a container object that stores
a value or values. |
| Dependent Variable | The observed variable in an experiment or study whose changes
are determined by the presence or degree of one or more independent variables. |
| Descriptive Statistics | Is the branch of statistics that involves the organization,
summarization, and display of data. |
| Discrete Variables | Is one that cannot take on all values within the limits of the variable. |
| Experimental Study | Involves taking measurements of the system under study, manipulating
the system, and then taking additional measurements using the same procedure to determine
if the manipulation has modified the values of the measurements. |
| Explanatory Variable | Is preferable as quantities treated as |
| Hawthorne Effect | Is a form of reactivity where by subjects improve an aspect of their
behavior being experimentally measured simply in response to the fact that they are being
studied. |
| Hypothesis Testing | Is a method of making statistical decisions using experimental data. |
| Independent Variable | Statistics the theory, methods, and practice of testing a hypothesis
concerning the parameters of a population distribution. |
| Inferential Statistics | Is the branch of statistics that involves using a sample to draw
conclusions about a population. A basic tool in the study of inferential statistics is
probability. |
| Interval Level Of Measurement | Can be ordered, and you can calculate meaningful differences
between data entries. At the interval level. A zero entry simply represents a position on a scale;
the entry is not an inherent zero. |
| Measurement Scales | Different measurement scales allow for different levels of exactness,
depending upon the characteristics of the variables being measured. |
| Nominal Level Of Measurement | Are qualitative only. Data at this level are categorized using
names,labels, or qualities. No mathematical computations can be made at this level. |
| Observational Study | A researcher observes and measures characteristics of interest of part
of a population but does not change exsiting conditions. |
| Ordinal Level Of Measurement | Are qualitative or quantitative. Data at this level can be arranged
in order, or ranked, but differences between data entries are not meaningful. |
| Outcome Variable | Measurements of the current status of the population. |
| Population | Is the collection of all outcomes, responses, measurements, or counts that are of
interest. |
| Qualitative Variables | Variables which differ in |
| Quantitative Variables | Variables that differ in amounts or scale and can be ordered. |
| Quasi-experimental study | Is a scientific research method primarily used in the social sciences. |
| Random Sample | Is one in which every member of the population has an equal chance of being |
| Random Variable | Is a (total) function whose domain is the sample space, usually mapping
events to real numbers. |
| Ratio level of measurement | Are similar to data at the interval level, with the added property
that a zero entry is an inherent zero. A ratio of two data values can be formed so that one
data value can be meaningfully expressed as a multiple of another. |
| Sample | Is a subset of a population. |
| Statistics | Is the science of collecting, organization, analyzing, and interpreting data in order
to make decisions. |
| Stratified Sample | Is the process of grouping members of the population into relatively
homogeneous subgroups before sampling. |
| Systematic Group | Is a statistical method involving the selection of elements from an
ordered sampling frame. |
| Treatment Group | A group formed by making all possible combinations of 2 factors. |
| Variable | A symbol that represents an arbitrary number or an arbitrary element of a set. |
