| A | B |
|---|
| Affetto | Feeling |
| Alla Marcia | In march style |
| Allegretto | Moderately fast |
| Allegro non troppo | Quickly, but not too much |
| Animato | Animated, lively |
| Assai | Much, very |
| A Tempo | Resume original speed |
| Cantabile | In a single style |
| Chromatic Scale | Made up entirely of half steps= Its goes up and down, using every key, black and white |
| Coda | An added ending |
| Coda Sign | Indication to proceed to coda |
| Common Time | Same as [4/4] time |
| Con | With |
| Crescendo | Gradually louder |
| D.C. al Coda | Repeat from the beginning to the coda sign, then skip to Coda |
| D.C. al Fine | Repeat from the beginning to the word "Fine" |
| Decrescendo | Gradually softer |
| Development | The second section in sonata form where the themes are altered |
| Diatonic | Using only notes in the given key, with no alterations |
| Diminuendo | Gradually softer |
| Dominant | The fifth scale degree |
| Enharmonic | Notes that are spelled (written) differently but are identical in sound |
| Exposition | The first section in sonata form where the themes are stated |
| Fermata | Hold the note under the sign longer than its full value |
| Fine | The end |
| Forte | (f) Loud |
| Fortissimo | (ff) Very Loud |
| Frohlich | Joyful |
| Giocoso | Humorous |
| Grand Staff | The bass staff and the treble staff joined together by a brace |
| Grazioso | Gracefully |
| Harmonic Intervals | Distances between notes or keys that are played together |
| Incomplete Measure | A measure at the beginning of a piece with fewer counts than indicated in the time signature= The missing beats are usually found in the last measure |
| Intenzionato | Amiable |
| Landler | A dance similar to a slow waltz |
| Larghetto | Not quite as slow as largo |
| Largo | Very Slow |
| Leggiero | Lightly |
| Lieblich | Lovely, melodious |
| Marcato | Marked, stressed |
| Mezzo Forte | (mf) Moderately loud |
| Mezzo Piano | (mp) Moderately soft |
| Misterioso | Mysteriously |
| Moderato | Moderately |
| Molto | Much |
| Molto, con | Somewhat lively |
| Pedal Mark | (|____|) Press the damper, hold it, and release it |
| Pesante | Heavy, with emphasis |
| Phrase | Musical thought or sentence |
| Pianissimo | (pp) Very soft |
| Piano | (p) Soft |
| Presto | Fast |
| Recapitulation | The third section in sonata-allegro form where the themes are restated |
| Ritardando | (rit. or ritard.) Gradually slowing |
| Rondo Form | A theme (A or refrain) alternates with secondary sections (B, C, D, etc. or episodes) |
| Slur | Curved line over or under notes on different lines or spaces= Slurs mean to play legato |
| Sonata Form | The musical form consisting of three parts (exposition, development, and recapitulation) |
| Staccatissimo | An extreme form of staccato |
| Subito | (sub.) Suddenly |
| Theme & Variation Form | A theme followed by a series of pieces having a similar structure= Some elements of the theme remain the same in each variation while others change |
| Tranquillo | Tranquil, calm |
| Transpose | Perform in a key other than the original= Each pitch must be raised/lowered by precisely the same interval, which results in the change of key |
| Vivo | Lively |
