| A | B |
|---|
| chemical bonding | the combining of atoms of elements to form new substances |
| valence electrons | electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom |
| valence electrons | these play the most significant role in determining how atoms combine |
| 8 electrons | When the outer energy level contains _____ _______ it is complete, very stable and won't form chemical bonds |
| stability | For an atom to achieve ________, it will either gain, lose or share electrons in order to achieve a complete outer energy level |
| ion | charged atom becomes charged by ginaing or losing electrons. |
| ionic bonding | involves a transfer of electrons - 1 atom gains the other loses |
| ionization | the process of removing electrons and forming ions |
| ionization energy | the energy needed to remove an electron |
| electron affinity | the tendency of an atom to attract electrons. |
| 6 7 | Atoms with _____ or _____ valence electrons have a high electron affinity |
| ionic compounds | These form a crystal lattice structure with regular repeating arrangement of ions. |
| high | Stability of lattice structure means _____ melting points. |
| covalent bonds | Electrons are shared rahter than transferred. |
| Sharing electrons | How does each atom fill up its outer most energy level? |
| positively negatively | The _________ charged nucleus of each atom simultaneously attracts the ________ charged electrons that are being shared. |
| diatomic elements | Element whose atoms form covalent bonds with other atoms of the same element. |
| molecule | combination of atoms, formed by a covalent bond |
| Covalently bonded | _____ ______ solids have low melting points |
| Polyatomic ions | A group of covalently bonded atoms that acts like a single atom when combining with other atoms |
| metallic | metals bonding with themselves (aluminum - aluminum) |
| ionic | formed between a metal and non-metal |
| covalent | formed between elements that have similar tendencies to gain electrons |
| oxidation number | the number of electrons an atom gains, loses, or shares when it forms chemical bonds |
| zero | The sum of the oxidation numbers of the atoms in a compound must be ______. |
| molecule | Combination of atoms, formed by a covalent bond. |
| low | Covalently bonded solids have _____ melting points. |
