| A | B |
|---|
| Rome was founded on what strategic location? | The Italian peninsula |
| What 3 people groups settled in Roman territory and intermixed with one another? | Latins, Greeks, and Etruscans |
| What did the Romans adopt from the Greeks and the Etruscans? | religious, techincal, and cultural ideas |
| Describe the Roman republic. | Run by patricians with plebeians having little real power |
| What do the Twelve Tablets state? | that all free citizens should be protected by the law |
| What 3 parts make up the rebulic governed by? | consuls, the senate and the council of assemblies |
| What does the republic do in a time of crisis? | appoints a dictator |
| What is the key factor in the rise of Rome? | The Roman army |
| What modern day country did Rome conquer? | Italy |
| WHat city is Rome's main rival in trade? | Carthage |
| During what wars does Rome defeat Carthage to dominate the Mediterranean? | The Punic Wars |
| Who emerges as a dictator in Rome? | Julius Caesar |
| What about Julius Caesar alarms the ruling class? | His reforms and ambitions |
| What event signals the end of the republic? | Caesar's death |
| Who becomes Rome's first emperor? | Octavian |
| How long does Rome enjoy peace and prosperity? | 200 years |
| What is the reason for the time of peace in Rome? | agriculture and trade |
| How does the army help spread the Roman way of life? | by making provincial soldiers Roman citizens |
| Who establishes a civil service to administer the empire? | Augustus |
| What does Rome's prosperity and peace depend on? | The orderly transfer of power |
| Who controls most of the family affairs: men or women? | men |
| Are men and women social equals? | almost |
| Who is education reserved for? | Upper class boys |
| Who is not allowed to be formally educated? | girls and children of the poor |
| What creates a strong link between religion and government? | the adoption of many Greek deities |
| Do slaves have legal rights in Rome? Why or why not? | No, they are considered property. |
| How does Rome control the poor? | By offering food and spectacle |
| Do all Jews rebel under Roman rule? | No, some do, but some look for a Messiah to free them. |
| In spite of Roman opposition, what relgion spreads throughout the empire? | Christianity |
| Who helps make Christianity more universal? | The Apostle Paul |
| What event left the Romans to destroy Jerusalem? | The Zealot revolt |
| What happens to Christianity during the Roman persecution? | Despite persecution, Christianity becomes a powerful new religion and spreads beyond the empire |
| What causes Christianity to grow? | Its appeal to common people, portrays a loving God, and promises eternal life after death |
| Where is the official center of Christianity? | Rome |
| What sort of order governs the Church? | hierarchy: Pope, bishop, etc. |
| Who converts to Christianity and officially ends the persecution of Christians? | Emperor Constantine |
| What 3 things do church leaders do? | compile the New Testament, fight heresies, and define the Church's basic beliefs |
| What problem does Rome suffer in the third century? | Economic decline |
| Why was the Roman empire in danger during the third century? | The army could no longer defend it |
| Who remain active in politics when loyalty and service to the empire decline? | The armies |
| Who institutes many reforms creating an Eastern and Western Empire? | Diocletian |
| What does Diocletian fail to do? | ensure an orderly succession |
| Where does Constantine move the capital of the Roman Empire? | Byzantium |
| What does the move of the capital do to the center of power? | It shifts to the east |
| What brings down the Western Roman Empire? | Internal and economic problems and invading tribes |
| What remains after Rome's power is gone? | The cultural heritage |
| What is produced as a result of mixing Greek, Hellenistic, and Roman culture? | Greco-Roman culture |
| What do Roman fine arts and literature express? | Roman virtues |
| What form do Roman fine arts and literature follow? | Greek form |
| What remains the language of learning long after Rome falls? | Latin |
| What Roman achievements still influence modern construction? | artchitecture, engineering, and technology |
| What becomes the basis for many legal systems in the world? | The Roman standards of Justice |
| How did Rome treat different sections of its conquered territory? | Rome made close neighbors full citizens, those farther away became citizens but without the right to vote, Others became allies with a measure of independence |
| How did Augustus change Roman government? | He became sole ruler or an empire, and set up a civil service system |
| How did Rome's population fare during the golden age of the Pax Romana? | Much of Rome's population was jobless. The government supported the poor with food and entertainment. Most poor people live in crowded, rickety tenement buildings. Rich Romans lived extravagantly, spending huge sums on houses, gardens, slaves and banquets. |
| How did the Apostle Paul encourage the spread of Christianity? | Paul traveled widely, preaching the message of Jesus. He declared the Christianity should welcome anyone, Jew or non-Jew |
| Why did the Roman emperors persecute Christians? | Nero saw Christians' refusal to worship him as an attac on the Roman State. Later emperors wanted to foce Chrsitians to worship Roman gods. |
| What was the most important reform that the Emperor Diocletian made? | divided the empire into eastern and western halves, each to be governed by their own emperor. |
| Why did so much of Roman culture have a Greek flavor? | Romans admired Greek art, architechture, literature, and philosophy, and merged them into their own culture |
| How might Western civilization be different today without the cultural legacy of the Roman Empire? | European languages might sound different. Legal systems might not place as much emphasis on personal rights. The Christian Church and Western architecture, literature, and philosophy might have evolved differently. |
| Who raised Romulus and Remus? | a she-wolf |
| How did the Romans develop their religious beliefs? | Greeks and Etruscans |
| Who was the last Roman King? | Tarquin |
| In battle, what was the Roman Legions greatest strength? | flexibility |
| What followed after the deaths of Tiberius and Gaius? | civil war |
| When was Julius Caesar first elected into office? | 59 BC |
| Who was involved in the Second Triumvirate? | Octavain, Lepidus, and Mark Antony |
| How many people lived in Rome during the Pax Romana? | 1 million people |
| What is the name of the group who wanted to rid their land of the Romans? | zealots |
| Who was the first pope? | Peter |
| What did the Edict of Milan do to the Christian faith? | approved it as a religion |
| When did Constantine actually convert to Christianity? | on his deathbed |
| Where did Constantine move the capital? | Byzantium(modern day Turkey) |
