| A | B |
|---|
| This is an economic and political philosphy favoring public or government control of property and income. | socialism |
| What did the Socialist Party of America want? | to make reforms through the ballot box and not through revolution, they wished to distribute wealth more evenly and nationalize American businesses |
| court orders prohibiting workers from going on strike | injunctions |
| What was home rule? | a system wher cities exercised a degree of self-rule that allowed cities to escape domination by state governments, which were often controlled by political machines |
| What did Teddy Roosevelt call journalists who uncovered public wrongdoing? | muckrakers |
| Who wrote the novel The Jungle? | Upton Sinclair |
| What impact did the novel The Jungle have? | Because of the novel, a federal meat inspection program began |
| why is the period for 1890 to 1920 known as the Progressive Era? | because nativists, prohibitionists, purity crusaders, and settlement house workers were all trying to bring about progress in American society |
| What were some of the beliefs of the Progressives? | Government needed to play a larger role in regulating economic activity and they should protect workers from low wages, uemployment, or workplace hazards. They also wanted them to develop social welfare programs. |
| What were some of the issues that progressive women took on? | prohibition, women's right to vote, prohibiting child labor and sweat shop conditions |
| Many of the earliest progressive reforms were made at what level? | city level |
| What is a direct primary? | It is an election where the voters cast ballots to select nominees for the election |
| What is the 17th amendment? | It allows for the popular election of senators |
| Before the 17th amendment, who chose Senators? | The state legislature |
| This allows citizens to propose a new law by obtaining a certain percentage of voters' signatures | initiative |
| In this process, citizens may demand, via petition, that a law passed by the legislature be referred to voters for their approval or rejection. | referendum |
| This gives voters the ability to remove a public official from office before the next election. | recall |
| What was significant about the fire in the Triangle shirtwaist Company in New York? | 146 people died because doors were locked to prevent employee theft and they couldn't get out. |
| Child labor was defined as employment under the age of ________. | 14 |
| This is where an impartial third party decides on a legally binding solution | arbitration |
| What did Roosevelt's term "square deal" mean? | When the United Mine Workers were on strike and they submitted to arbitration, a fair deal for everyone was worked out. |
| What did the Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act do? | required acurate labelilng of ingredients, strict sanitary conditions, and a system for rating meats |
| These are corporations that hold the stocks and bonds of numerous companies to gain control of smaller companies and develop a monopoly. | Holding companies |
| What was the Nation's first National Park? | Yellowstone in Wyoming |
| What park in California was also set up as a National Park? | Yosemite |
| Who was chosen as the head of the United States Forest Service? | Gifford Pinchot |
| This set aside money from the sale of public lands to fund the construction of irrigation ssytems in arid states. | The National Reclamation Act |
| What new department was added to the cabinet? | Department of Labor |
| This amendment authorized Congress to collect income taxes | Sixteenth Amendment |
| Prior to the 16th amendment, what did the United States government rely on for income? | tariffs |
| This amendment made it illegal for Americans to make, sell, or distribute alcohol. | 18th amendment |
| Why was the 18th amendment passed? | Many thought it would protect society from the poverty and violence associated with drinking. |
| Who wrote "How the Other Half Lives" | Jacob Riis |
| What was the Tenement Act of 1901? | It forced landlords to install lighting in public hallways and to provide at least one toilet for every 2 families. |
| What does the NAACP stand for? | The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People |
| Who was instrumental in starting the NAACP? | W.E.B. DuBois |
| What is the ADL? | Anti-Defamation League |
| Who started the ADL? | Sigmund Livingston, a Jewish man in Chicago |
| This term means the hatred and discrimination of Jews. | Antisemitism |
| What law did the National Child Labor Committee help get passed? | a ban on child labor |
| What was Lochner v. New York | The court refused to uphold a law limiting bankers to a 10 hour work day |
| What was Muller v. Oregon | The court upheld a state law establishing a 10 hour workday for women in laundries and factories |
| What was Bunting v. Oregon | it upheld a law which extended the protectin of a 10 hour workday to me working in mills and factories |
| What was the ILGWU? | The International Ladies' Garment Workers Union. They organized unskilled workers. |
| What was the IWW? | The Industrial Workers of the World, also known as the Wobblies. The used traditional methods like strikes and boycotts, but also engaged in radical tactics like industrial sabatage. |
| Why did Progressives want to adopt a secret ballot? | So people could vote privately without fear of coercion. All candidates were printed on the same paper. Before this, each party printed their own ballots, often on colored paper so it was easy to see how someone voted. |
| What was the "Woman Question?" | The wide-ranging debate about the social rol of women in society. Should the be able to vote, own property, access higher education and professional jobs |
| How did women's roles start to change during the Progressive Era? | More educational opportunities arose especially for women in the upper and middle class. Job opportunities for educated middle-class women grew. Women entered traditional "caring professions" such as teaching and nursing. Also entered the workforce as typists and bookkeepers. Working class and uneducated women took industry jobs that paid less than men. Women began to see they had a role in society beyond the home. Many women joined the reform movement. |
| What causes did women begin to fight for? | campaigned for the rights of children, sought to end child labor, improve children's health care and education. Fought for prohibition, Civil rights for African Americans, and women's suffrage. |
| What two major national organizations led the crusade against alcohol? | The Anti-Saloon League and the Women's Christian Temperance Movement |
| What amendment repealed the 18th amendment? | The 21st amendment |
| What was the NACW? | The National Association of Colored Women |
| Why did many women join the NACW? | They found they were not welcome in most of the white women's reform movements |
| Who founded the National Woman Suffrage Association? | Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony |
| What was the goal of the NWSA? | They campaigned for a constitutional amendment to give women the right to vote |
| How was the American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA) different from the NWSA? | The NWSA wanted a constitutional amendment to let women vote while the American Woman Sufrage Association focused solely on winning the vote state by state. |
| What does the term suffrage mean? | the right to vote |
| Why were some of the arguments used by the Anti-Suffragists | Some believed women were too frail to handle the turmoil of polling places on election day. Some believed voting would interfere with a woman's duties at home or destroy families. Some claimed that women didnot have the education or experience to be competent voters. Others believed that most women did not want ot vote and that it was unfair for suffragists to force the vote on unwilling women. The liquor industry feared that giving the women the vote would lead to prohibition. Business owners feared women would vote for regulations that would drive up costs. Churches and clergy members preached that marriage was a sacred bond and the entire family was represented by the husband's vote. |
| Who led the National American Woman Suffrage Movement? | Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony |
| Teddy Roosevelt viewed the Presidency as a bully pulpit. What is a bully pulpit? | a platform to publicize important issues and seek suppor for his policies on reform. |
| What was the Elkins Act? | It prohibited railroads from accepting rebates and ensured that all customers paid the same rates for shipping their products |
| What was the Hepburn Act? | It strengthend the Interstate Commerce Commission giving it the power to set maximum railroad rates. It also gave the ICC the power to regulate other companies engaged in interstate commerce. |
| What was the Meat Inspection Act? | It required the federal goverment inspection of meat shipped across state lines |
| What were some of the firsts that happened during Teddy Roosevelt's Presidency? | First Vice-President to become President and then to be elected in his own right, first Republican President from the East, set up the first White House Press Room, First President to invite an African AMerican to dinner at the White House, Booker T, Washington, First President to leave the U.S. soil while in office, he went on a visit to the Panama Canal, First President to fly in an airplane. |
| taxes charged on imported and exported goods. | tariff |
| What was New Nationalism | a set of laws to protect workers, ensure public health and regulate business |
| What was the name of the "New Progressives" when the Progressive Party split? | The Bull Moose Party |
| Who won the election of 1912? | Woodrow Wilson |
| What was President Wilson's plan of "New Freedom?" | an ambitious reform plan that called for tariff reductions, banking reform, and stronger antitrust legislation. |
| What was the Underwood Tariff Act? | It lowered taxes to their lowest level in 50 years. |
| What was the Federal Reserve Act? | it created a central fund from which banks could borrow to prevent collapse during a financial panic. It put the nation's banking system under the supervision of the federal government for the first time. |
| What were the three tiers created by the Federal Reserve Act? | At the top, the President appointed Federal Reserve Board Members who ran the system. Second level was 12 Federal Reserve banks that served other banks instead of individuals, the third tier was private banks that served people and borrowed from the Federal Reserve as needed. |
| What was the Clayton Anti-Turst Act? | It clarified the Sherman Anti-Trust Act and prohibited companies from buying stock in competing companies in order to form a monopoly. It supported workers by making strikes, boycotts, and peaceful picketing legal for the first time. |
| What was the Federal Trade Commission? | They enforced antitrust laws and were tough on complanies that used deceptive advertising. |
| Which amendment gave women the right to vote? | the 19th amendment |
| How did President Teddy Roosevelt and President Woodrow Wilson differ on African American rights? | Roosevelt invited Booker T. Washington to the White House, appointed an African American collector of tariffs in South Carolina. Woodrow Wilson opposed federal anti-lynching laws saying the states should deal with it, allowed cabinet members to segregate offices, which had been desegregated since Reconstruction, Let Congress pass a law making it a felony for blacks and whites to marry in Washington, DC. |
| What brought an end to the Progressive era? | the outbreak of World War I. |
| She was arrested for knowingly and unlawfully voting int he 1872 election. | Susan B. Anthony |
| What was the difference between the AFL and the ILGWU? | The ILGWU organized unskilled laborers while the AFL only accepted skilled workers. |
| States in whic area of the country were first to give women the right to vote? | the West |
| Why did President Roosevelt form the Bull Moose Party? | He thought that President Taft had failed to continue his policies on progressive reforms |
