| A | B |
|---|
| Who is Chandragupta Maurya? | The leader who unified northern India through conquest; raised a vast army; established the Mauryan empire. |
| What kind of government did Chandragupta create? | a bureaucratic government |
| What did Chandragupta do for famers? | they were exempt from military service |
| After Asoka's death, who dominated central India for hundreds of years? | The Andhra dynasty |
| What three ancient people groups flooded into India? | Greek, Persian, and Central Asian |
| Who unifies northern India into an empire? | The Gupta family |
| Where do most Indians live in the Gupta empire? What is their profession? | Most Indians are farmers living in small villages |
| In what areas does the Gupta Empire make advances? | religion, science, culture, and trade |
| What shift takes place in Indian religious culture? | Buddhism's focus changed from an individual discipline to a mass religion' Hidduism becomes more personal and emphasizes three improtant gods |
| What three gods are important in Hidduism? | Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva |
| Who is one of India's greatest writers? | Kalidasa |
| The expansion of trade spurred the advance of what? | Science and math |
| What role did Indian's serve in international trade? | Indians acted as middlemen in overland trade between areas to the east and west |
| Increased trade leads to the rise of what? | Banking |
| Increased trade leads to the spread of what? | Indian culture |
| Who is Liu Bang? | the first Han emperor |
| What does Liu Bang do for China? | establishes political and social stability |
| After Liu Bang died, who was left in charge? | His son; but his wife seizes power through a plot |
| What kind of government do Han emperors use? | Bureaucracy |
| What are civil service job applicants tested on? | Their knowledge of Confucianism |
| Advances in what influences all aspects of Chinese life? | technology! |
| What is thought of to be the most important occupation in China? | agriculture; commerce is second |
| How is Chinese culture unified? | through assimilation and the recording of history |
| Most chinese women pursue what role? | Most Chinese women devote themselves to family |
| What occurs when a group has exclusive control over the production and distribution of certain goods? | monopoly |
| What is the process of making conquered people part of the Chinese culture? | assimilation |
| What is the inheritance custom of Chinese farmers? | The father would divide the land equally among his sons |
| What problem did the inhertance custom cause? | Farmers were inheriting smaller and smaller plots of land and were being forced to sell or go into debt; Large landowners would then take all the land |
| What did Wang Mang do after overthrowing the Han dynasty? | restored economic and political order |
| Who is Wang Mang? | A Confucian scholar and member of the court; he overthrew the ruling Han |
| What is the first half of the Han dynasty known as? | The Former Han |
| What was the politcal result of the flood of AD 11? | rebels overthrew Wang Mang and a Han was reestablished as the emporer; began the Later Han |
| What are three significant accomplishments of the Mauryan rulers? | United north India into one political unit, constructed an extensive road system, and promoted policies of nonviolence and toleration |
| How did India change during teh 500 years between the decline of the Mauryan Empire and the rise of the Gupta Empire? | Central India, under the Andhrans, profited from extensive trade. Immigrants to northern India brought new languages, traditions, and customs. Some southern rulers broke away from the empire. |
| How did the southern tip of India differ from the rest of India? | The southern tip of India was home to Tamil speakers. Neither the Mauryans nor the Guptas conquered this region. Some Tamil groups were matriarchal. |
| Summarize the main advances in science and mathematics by Indians prior to AD 500. | They proved that the earth was round, developed zero and the decimal, found the value of pi to four decimal places, measured the solar year, compiled medical guides, and performed surgery. |
| How did changes in Buddhism influence art in India? | As Buddhism becomes popular, statues of the Buddha and cave temples decorated with sculptures and paintings were created. |
| Describe the economic and cultural links between India and Southeast Asia. | Indians trades spices from the Southeast Asia. Indian merchants in Southeast Asia influenced art, architecture, dance, and religion there. |
| Explain why Wudi was one of China's most significant rulers. | Wudi held power longer than any other Han emperor, expanded the empire, drove back the Xiongnu, and set up a civil service system. |
| How did silk influence China's government, economy, and culture during the Han period? | The government ran huge silk mills. Silk was valuable trade item. Through trade, China learned about customs and ideas of other lands. |
| Under the Chinese civil service system, who could become government officials? | In theory, the system was open to anyone. However, few peasants could afford to educate their sons, so the wealthy maintained an advantagein competing for careers in government. |
| How did economic problems lead to the decline of the Han? | Large landowners were not required to pay taxes. As their land holdings increased, the amount of land the government could tax decreased. This led to economic instability. |
