| A | B |
|---|
| Anatolian Peninsula | land where Turkey lies |
| Osman | leader late 13th century Turks |
| Bosporus & the Dardanelles | straits |
| Sea of Marmara | separates Bosporus and Dardanellas |
| Balkans | mountainous peninsula in SE between Adriatic and Ionian Seas, Black and Aegean Seas |
| Janissaries | soldiers of Ottoman emperor's elite guard |
| Mehmet II | ruler of Ottoman empire, moved to end Byzantine Empire |
| Constantinople | city that was Byzantium, then Contantinople, now Istanbul |
| Sultan Selim I | took control of Mesopotamia, Egypt and Arabia, declared himself caliph |
| Pashas | government appointed officials, collected taxes, maintained laws |
| "gun powder empire" | conquerors who unified the regions ing firearms |
| Sultan | head or emperor of Ottoman Empire |
| Harem | "sacred place" private domain of the Sultan and his wives |
| Grand vizier | chief minister |
| Ulema | group of religious advisors |
| Shah | title used by Safavid rulers, King of Persia (Iran) |
| Orthodoxy | conforming to traditional religious beliefs |
| Anarchy | lawlessness and disorder |
| Timur Lenk | (Tammerlane) empire ended in 15th century, Persia fell into anarchy |
| Safavid Dynasty | comes from Safi al_Din, founder |
| Central Government | unified rule, power in one place, one ultimate authority - civilization |
| Golden Age | economic prosperity, arts flourish |
