| A | B |
|---|
| antiparallel | when strands of a biological molecule lie side by side, but with opposite polarity |
| base pair | hydrogen bonded purine and pyrimidine |
| complementary | when one thing is present the other is also |
| complementary base-pairing | A bonds to T; G bonds C |
| DNA | polymer of deoxyribonucleotides |
| DNA polymerase | DNA manufacturing enzyme |
| DNA repair | correcting damage to DNA |
| DNA replication | making DNA using DNA as a template |
| DNA ligase | enzyme that seals nicks in phosphodiester backbone of DNA |
| double helix | spiraling structure formed between complementary, antiparallel strands of DNA |
| gene | expression unit coding for an RNA |
| genome | all of the chromosomal DNA in an organism |
| lagging strand | DNA strand being manufactured discontinously |
| leading strand | DNA strand being manufactured continuously |
| mutation | change in base identity at a specific site in DNA |
| proofreading | ability to find and correct errors |
| replication fork | structure formed as helix is unwound during DNA synthesis |
| origin of replication | start site for DNA synthesis |
| RNA | polymer of ribonucleotides |
| template | information that provides information to make copies |
| exonuclease | enzyme that cuts nucleic acids from a free end of the molecule |
| endonuclease | enzymes that cuts nucleic acids in the middle of the molecule |
| glycolyase | enzyme that creates AP sites |
| apurinic site/apyrimidic site (AP) | place in DNA where the nitrogenous base is removed from a nucleotide |
| thymine dimer | UV light-induced |
| depurination | DNA damage cause by A and G ring removal |
| mismatch repair | correcting incorporation of uncomplementary bases |
| single strand binding protein | protein that prevents DNA strands from reannealing |
| primase | enzyme that makes RNA primers for DNA synthesis |
| helicase | enzyme that melts hydrogen bonds between base pairs |
| gyrase | enzyme that relieves strain in DNA by unwinding helix |
| swivelase | provides same function to replication as gyrase or topoisomerase |
| Okazaki fragment | small piece of DNA from the lagging strand |
