| A | B |
|---|
| ionization energy | the energy required to Remove one electron from an atom of an element measured in KJ/mol |
| electronegativity | a measure of the relative tendency of an atom of an atom of an element to attract or gain electrons; the "desire" to gain electrons; electronegativity is based on a scale from0.0-4.0 |
| atomic radius | the radius of an atom, measured in pm (picometers) |
| ionic radius | the radius of an ion, cations (lose electrons) decrease the radius; the anions (gain electrons) increase in radius |
| metallic character | metals aree mallable (can be hammered into thin sheets and bent), ductile (can be drawn into wire), have luster (shine) and conduct electricity; metals tend to lose electrons; all metals have a "sea of mobile valance electrons" |
| non metallic character | nonmetals are not mallable, ductile,do NOT have luster and do NOt conduct electricity |
| alkaline earth metals | all elements located in Group 2 of the Periodic Table |
| Alkali metals | all elements located in group 1 of the Periodic Table except hydrogen; contains the most reactive metals |
| Chemical reactivity | the tendency for an atom of a given element to ainor lose electrons when interacting with an atom of another element |
| metalloids | have properties of both metals and nonmetals; located along the "staircase" except for aluminum e |
| halogens | all elements located in Group 17 on the periodic table; most of the halogens have high electronegativities |
| noble gases | all elements located in Group 18 on the periodic table, inert (do not tend to react with atoms of other elements), have a full valence shell |
| transition metals | the three rows of elements in the middle of the periodic talble from scandium (Sc) to mercury (Hg); reactivity is basedon the elements with which they are combined |
| periodic | cyclic; repeating pattern/cycle |
| periodic law | elements of the periodic table are periodic functions of their atomic number |
| periods | horizontal rows on the periodic table |
| groups | vertical columns on the periodic table |
| octet | full valence shell; 8 electrons, except for period 1 elements |
| states of matter | any of the 3 phases in which an element can exist; solid (s), liquid (l), gas (g) |
| solids | have definite shape and definite matter; most elements are solids at STP |
| liquids | take the shape of their container and have definite volume; only 2 elements exist as liquids at STP: Br and Hg |
| gases | have no definite shape and fill their container; at STP this includes H, N, O, F, Cl, & all of Group18 ( the noble gases) |
| Diatomic elements | elements that can not exist alone in nature; travel in pairs, contain 2 identical atoms (same element); "Siamese twind," "7-up"; |
| allotrope | 1 of 2 or more different forms of an element (nonmetal) in teh same phase, but with different formulas and physical/chemical properties |
| isoelectronic | atoms or ions that have the SAME number of ElECTRONS |
| families | elements with similar properties; group 1,2,17, and 18 on the periodic table |
