| A | B |
|---|
| transportation | The processes that carry sediment or other materials away from their point of origin. Transporting media include wind, water and mantle convection currents |
| sediment | Material (such as gravel, sand, mud, and lime) that is transported and deposited by wind, water, ice, or gravity; material that is precipitated from solution; deposits of organic origin (such as coal and coral reefs). |
| erosion | occurs when water, wind, ice, or gravity move sediment over the Earth's surface |
| deposition | The settling of materials out of a transporting medium. |
| cementation | The process by which clastic sediment is lithified by precipitation of mineral cement, such as calcite cement, among the grains of the sediment. |
| metamorphism | Alteration of the minerals and textures of a rock by changes in temperature and pressure, and/or by a gain or loss of chemical components. |
| "contact metamorphism" | In this special type of metamorphism, the rock is changed when it touches hot magma. |
| weathering | The process by which rocks are exposed to air, moisture, and even living things that cause them to break down into sediment (loose particles) |
| erosion | The processes that loosen sediment and move it from one place to another on Earth's surface. Agents of erosion include water, ice, wind, and gravity. |
| magma | liquid rock deep inside the earth |
| lava | magma that has reached the surface of the earth |
| intrusive igneous rocks | this forms when magma cools slowly within the Earth, forming large crystals (big enough to see with naked eye) |
| extrusive igneous rocks | this forms when magma cools slowly within the Earth, forming small/no crystals |
| uplift | A structurally high area in the crust, produced by movements that raise the rocks, as in a broad dome or arch.Weathering- The processes by which rocks are chemically altered or physically broken into fragments as a result of exposure to atmospheric agents and the pressures and temperatures at or near Earth's surface, with little or no transportation of the loosened or altered materials. |
| pressure | The force per unit of area exerted upon something, such as on a surface |
| lithification | The processes by which sediment is converted into sedimentary rock. These processes include cementation and compaction. |
| Compaction | Tighter packing of sedimentary grains causing weak lithification and a decrease in porosity, usually from the weight of overlying sediment. |
