| A | B |
|---|
| Stress | A force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume. |
| Shearing | Stress that pushes a mass of rock in opposite directions. |
| tension | Stress that stretches rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle. |
| compression | Stress that squeeses rock until it folds or breaks. |
| anticline | An upward fold in rock formed by compression of Earth's crust. |
| syncline | A downward fold in rock formed by compresion Earth's crust. |
| Footwall | The block of rock that forms the lower half of a fault. |
| Hanging wall | The block of rock that forms the upper half of a fault. |
| strike-slip fault | A type of fault where rocks on either side move past each other sideways with little up-or-down motion. |
| reverse fault | A type of fault where the hanging wall slides upward; caused by compression in the crust. |
| normal fault | A type of fault where the hanging wall slides downward; caused by tension in the crust. |
| earthquake | The shaking that results from the movement of rock beneath Earth's surface. |
| seismic wave | A vibration that travels through Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake. |
| epicenter | The point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus. |
| focus | The point beneath Earth's surface where rock breaks under stress and causes an earthquake. |
| deformation | A change in the volume or shape of Earth's crust. |
| Plateau | A landform that has a more or less level surface and is elevated high above sea level. |
| Seismograph | A device that records ground movements caused by seismic waves as they move through Earth. |
| Tsunamis | A giant wave caused by an earthquake on the ocean floor. |
| aftershock | An earthquake that occurs after a larger earthquake in the same area. |
