| A | B |
|---|
| China's main rivers & impact | Yanyze & Huange Ze sites of earliest civilizations due to fertile land/ Huang he [Yellow] also called the "River of Sorrows" because of frequent destructive flooding when yellow windblown sand [loess] caused the river to overflow its banks |
| The Silk Road | Trade route across Asia from china to the Middle East/goods & ideas exchanged [cultural diffusion] |
| The Code of Hammurabi | Collection of written laws [legal principles] based on an "eye for an eye" & favored upper classes [Mesopotamia] |
| Judaism | monotheistic religion/ later shared monotheism 7 code of behavior with Christianity & Islam |
| The Ayrans | Indo-European nomadic group [herders & warriors] migrated into India/ divided society into castes based on occupations |
| Three pillars of Indian Life | 1. village life; 2. family life [oldest male is head]; 3. caste system |
| Caste System | Rigid social class system of traditional India; people born into a caste for life/ caste determines all aspects of life [occupation, where you life, who you marry, etc. |
| Characteristics of Hinduism | many gods, but one unifying force [Brahman]; Hindus must do their dharma [caste duties] to get good karma [actions that determine your next life] to get reincarnated [reborn] into a higher caste in the next life; goal = moksha or union with Brahman |
| Characteristics of Buddhism | FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS - suffering caused by selfish/temporary desires; can end by eliminating desire by following the EIGHTFOLD PATH; Goal - NIRVANA [Enlightenment & end of reincarnation] |
| Mandate of Heaven | Divine right to rule in China based on the Dynastic Cycle [once the rulers become weak/corrupt, they lose the mandate & a new dynasty takes over |
| feudalism | type of political system in which LANDOWNING LORDS control their local areas giving military service to the ruler |
| calligraphy | ancient form of writing used by Chinese |
| Taoism | ancient belief system in Chinese - harmony with nature & balance between opposing forces [Yin.Yang] |
| Legailsm | belief system China - people are greedy/evil so a strong ruler must keep order with strict laws/harsh punishments |
| Filial piety - 5 Key relationships | Beliefs of Confucianism - respect for family [Filial Piety]; 1. Ruler-ruled; 2. Father-son; Older brother-Younger brother; Friend-friend; Husband-wife - each has duty [superior sets role model; inferior obeys] |
| Cultural diffusion | spread of ideas, customs & technology from one country to another by war, trade, or migration [Silk Road] |
| Dynastic cycle | Dynasties come and go based on whether or not they keep the Mandate of Heaven [right to rule from the gods] |
| India's main rivers & impact | Indus-earliest civilization in Indus Valley, well-planned urban [city] areas in grid pattern & Ganges River, Aryans settled/river sacred to Hindus |
