| A | B |
|---|
| Lithosphere | rigid layer of Earth divided into pieces called tectonic plates |
| Asthenosphere | solid, plastic layer upon which the tectonic plates move |
| Mesosphere | lower, solid layer of the mantle |
| Outer Core | made of liquid iron and nickel |
| Inner Core | made of iron and nickel under so much pressure that it is solid |
| Crust | thin and solid outermost layer of Earth above the mantle |
| Mantle | layer of rock between Earth's crust and core |
| Core | central part of Earth below the mantle |
| Convection | movement of matter due to differences in density; transfer of energy due to the movement of matter |
| Convection Current | any movement of matter that results from differences in density; may be vertical, circular or cylindrical |
| Temperature | a measure of how hot or cold something is; specifically, a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object |
| Thermal Energy | the kinetic energy of a substance's atoms |
| Conduction | the transfer of energy as heat through a material |
| Convection | the movement of matter due to differences in density; the transfer of energy due to the movement of matter |
| Radiation | the transfer of energy as electromagnetic waves |
| Heat Flow | another term for heat transfer, the transfer of energy from a warmer object to a cooler object |
| Electromagnetic Spectrum | all of the frequencies or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation |
| Rock Cycle | the series of processes in which rock forms, changes from one type to another, is destroyed, and forms again by geologic processes |
| Water Cycle | the continuous movement of water between the atmosphere, the land, and the ocean |
| Carbon Cycle | the movement of carbon from the nonliving environment into living things and back |
| Nitrogen Cycle | the process in which nitrogen circulates among the air, soil, water, plants, and animals in an ecosystem |
