| A | B |
|---|
| autotroph | organisms that make their own food, like plants |
| heterotroph | oranisms that cannot make their own food, they obtain energy from the food that they consume |
| adenosine triphosphate (ATP) | one of the principal chemical compounds that living things use to store energy |
| What is the ultimate source of energy for plants | the sun |
| describe the cellular activities that use the energy release by ATP | the energy is used to provide active transport. It also powers movement within the cell. |
| photosynthesis | uses the energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high energy sugars |
| pigment | these are light absorbing molecules that plants use to gather energy |
| chlorophyl | the plants principle pigment |
| What did Helmont, Priestley and Ingenhousz discover about plant growth? | their experiments revealed that in the presence of light, plants transform carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates and release oxygen |
| in addition to water and carbon what else is required for photosynthese | light and chlorophyl |
| thylakoid | contain clusters of chlorophyl and other pigments and protein known as photosystems that are able to capture the energy of the sunlight |
| stroma | the region outside the thylakoid membranes where the Calvin cycle |
| NADP | a carrier molecule that accepts and holds 2 high energy electrons along with a hydrogen ion |
| light-dependent reactions | produce oxygen gas and convert ADP and NADP into the energy carriers ATP and NADPH into the energy carriers ATP and NADPH |
| ATP synthase | a protein that the membranes contain that allows H* ions to pass through it |
| Calvin cycle | plants use ATP and NADPH from the light dependent reactions to produce high energy sugars (energy) that can be stored for a long time |
| What reactions make up the Calvin cycle? | CO2 enters the cycle, energy is converted into high energy forms, the remaining 3-carbon molecules are converted back into 5 carbon molecules to be used in the next cycle, the 3-carbon molecules are used to make 6-carbon sugar |
| how is light energy converted into chemical energy during photosynthesis? | a carrier molecule called NADP accepts and holds high energy electrons with hydrogen and converts it into NADPH, which is in a chemical form |
| plants and some other types of organisms are | able to use light energy from the sun to produce food |
| the characteristics of ATP make it an exceptionally useful | molecule that is used by all types of cells as their basic energy source |
| the experiments of van Hemont, Priestly, Ingenhousz and others reveal that | in the presence of light, plants transform carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates and release oxygen as a by product |
| photosynthesis uses the energy of sunlight | to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high energy sugars |
| in addition to water and carbon dioxide | photosynthesis requires light and chlorophyl, a molecule found in chloroplasts |
| the process of photosynthesis included | the light dependent reactions as well as the Calvin cycle |
| the light-dependent reactions produce oxygen gas and convert ADP and NADP into | ATP and NADPH |
| The Calvin cycle uses ATP and NADPH from the | light-dependent reactions to produce high energy sugars. |
| The Calvin cycle is also known as | the light-independent reactions |
