| A | B |
|---|
| Confederacy | Confederate State of America |
| Compromise of 1820/Missouri Compromise | Maine admitted as a free state, Missouri admitted as a slave state |
| Marbury v. Madison | Supreme Court can declare a law unconstitutional, known as the power of "judicial review" |
| Spoils System | the practice of giving people government jobs in return for political loyalty and support, |
| Manifest Destiny | that the U.S. destined to stretch from "sea to shining sea" and bring civilization to No. America |
| John C. Fremont | leader of the California rebellion which established the Bear Flag Republic |
| Nullification | the idea that states could declare federal law not valid |
| Enumerated Powers | powers the constitution specifically grants to the national government |
| Annexation | when a territory becomes part of the U.S. |
| Secede | withdraw from the Union |
| Implied Powers | powers necessary for the government to do its job but not explicitly written out in the Constitution |
| Trail of Tears | march when the Cherokees were forcibly removed from their land in Georgia |
| Monroe Doctrine | doctrine that the American continents are not open to European colonization or interference |
| Nativism | movement characterized by a preference for native-born people a desire to limit immigration |
| Underground Railroad | organized network of abolitionist who helped slave escape |
| Transcontinental Railroad | network of railroads that stretch across the US, connecting the east and west coasts |
| Industrial Revolution | commercial revolution characterized by the use of complete machines, an organized workforce and the selling of products nationally or abroad |
| Eli Whitney | invented the cotton gin and interchangable parts |
| Second Great Awakening | revival of religion feelings which led to the social reform movements |
| popular sovereignty | idea that citizens of each territory should decide for themselves whether to allow slavery or not |
| Dred Scott | sued to end his slavery; court did not rule in his favor, and that decision seemed to get rid of any expansion on the limits of slavery |
| Bear Flag Republic | name of the short-lived country that is now California |
| labor unions | groups of workers who act collectively for better working conditions and member benefits |
| Wilmot Proviso | proposed that in any territory the U.S. obtained from Mexico, slavery would not be allowed |
| rebellion/insurrection | fighting against established authority |
| emancipation | means the freeing of an enslaved person |
| Harriet Tubman | most famous conductor along the Underground Railroad |
| the Cabinet | Chiefs of the Executive Departments of the U.S., who advise the President |
| Elizabeth Cady Stanton | one of the organizers of the Seneca Falls Conference |
| Frederick Douglas | famous abolitionist who was himself a freed slave |
| Abolition Movement | social reform movement calling for the immediate ending of slavery |
