| A | B |
|---|
| What played major roles in the advancement of chemistry? | electricity which broke down compounds into their component elements, the spectrometer which was used to identify newly isolated elements, and the industrial revolution of the 1800s which led to the development of many new chemistry-based industries such as the manufacture of petrochemicals, soaps, dyes, and fertilizers |
| Who was the first to arrange the elements in order by increasing atomic mass? | Mendeleev |
| The statement that there is a periodic repetition of chemical and physical properties of elements when they are arranged by increasing atomic number? | Periodic Law |
| What do we call the boxes that are arranged in order of increasing atomic number in a series of columns? | groups or families |
| What do we call the boxes that are arranged in rows by increasing atomic numbers? | periods |
| What do we call the groups designated with an A and referred to as the main group because they possess a wide range of chemical and physical properties? | representative elements |
| What are the group of elements designated with a B referred to as? | transition elements |
| What are the three main classifications for the elements? | metals, nonmetals, and metalloids |
| These elements are represented by the light blue boxes and are generally shiny when smooth and clean, solid at room temperature, and good conductors of heat and electricity. Most are malleable and ductile meaning that they can be pounded into thin sheets and drawn into wire respectively. | Metals |
| What are the group IA elements (except for hydrogen) known as? | alkali metals |
| What are the group 2A elements known as? | alkaline earth metals |
| Which are more chemically reactive-alkali metals or the alkaline earth metals? | alkaline metals are the more reactive of the two groups |
| What two groups are group B elements or transition elements divided into? | transition metals and inner transition metals |
| What color boxes are the nonmetals? | yellow |
| What do we call elements that are generally gases or brittle, dull-looking solids that are poor conductors of heat and electricity? | nonmetals |
| What is the only metal that is liquid at room temperature? | bromine |
| What are the highly reactive group 7A elements known as? | halogens |
| What are the extremely unreactive group 8A elements known as? | noble gases |
| What do we call elements in the green boxes that border the stair-step line? | metalloids or semimetals |
| What do we call elements with physical and chemical properties of both metals and nonmetals like silicon and germanium? | metalloids |
| What do we call electrons in the highest principle energy level of an atom? | valence electrons |
| Why do atoms in the same group have similar chemical properties? | they have the same number of valence electrons |
| What indicates the period on the periodic table where an element is found? | the energy level of an element's valence electrons |
| For group A (except helium) how can you determine the number of valence electrons it has? | group IA has one, 2A has two, etc |
| What are the four distinct blocks that the periodic table is divided into? | s,p,d,f |
| This block consists of groups 1A and 2A and the elements hydrogen and helium? | s-block |
| This block is comprised of groups 3A through 8A? Spans 6 groups on the periodic table because its 3 orbitals can hold a total of 6 electrons? | p-block |
| These are unique members of the p-block because of their incredible stability and they undergo virtually no chemical reactions? | the group 8A or the noble gases |
| This contains the transition metals and is the largest number of the blocks. Spans ten groups on the periodic table because five orbitals can hold up to 10 electrons? | d-block elements |
| How are d-block elements characterized? | by a filled outermost s orbital of energy level n and filled or partially filled d orbitals of energy level n-1. |
| This block contains the inner transition metals. Spans 14 columns of the periodic table because they have seven f orbitals holding up to a maximum of 14 electrons? | f block elements |
| What do we call an atom or a bonded group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge? | an ion |
| What happens when an atom loses an electron? | it gets smaller |
| What happens when an atom gains an electron? | it gets bigger |
| What do we call the energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous state? | ionization energy |
| Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons in order to acquire a full set of 8 valence electrons. What is this rule? | the octet rule |
| The relative ability of atoms to attract electrons in a chemical bond? | electronegativity |
