| A | B |
| aristocracy | the power of the best |
| autonomy | the right of self-government, self-directing freedom, internal (moral) independence |
| autarchy | absolute sovereignity |
| antithesis | the opposite of thesis, an objection |
| anomaly | a rule or practice that is different from what is normal or usual |
| aesthetics | philosophy concentrated on art and concepts of beauty |
| absolute | absolutely independent, the Highest Being, god |
| a priori | knowledge based on reason, absorbed in advance |
| a posteriori | knowledge based on experience |
| empiricism | the idea according to which all knowledge exists because of experience |
| ethics | moralphilosophy, the study of questions about what is morally right or wrong |
| empiric | based on experience and sense perceptions |
| materialism | The philosophy of materialism holds that the only thing that can be truly proven to exist is matter, and is considered a form of physicalism |