| A | B |
|---|
| What do we call the force that holds two atoms together? | chemical bond |
| How do chemical bonds form? | attraction between a positive nucleus and negative electrons or the attraction between a positive ion and a negative ion |
| Why do noble gases have a general lack of chemical reactivity? | They have electron configurations that have a full outermost energy level. |
| What do we call the presence of eight valence electrons in the outer energy level? | stable octet |
| When does a positive ion form? | when an atom loses one or more valence electrons in order to attain noble gas configuration |
| What do we call a positively charged ion? | a cation |
| What is the reactivity of metals based on? | the ease with which they lose valence electrons to achieve a stable octet or noble configuration |
| How do nonmetals form a stable outer electron configuration? | by gaining electrons |
| What is another name for a negative ion? | anion |
| What ending is added to the root name of the element to designate an anion? | ide |
| What do we call the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound? | ionic bond |
| What do binary ionic compounds contain? | metallic cation and a nonmetallic anion |
| What is the formation of the ionic compound composed of sodium(1+) and nitrogen(3-)? | Na3N |
| What is the formation of the ionic compound of lithium(1+) and Oxygen(2-)? | Li2O |
| What is the formation of the ionic compound composed of strontium(2+) and fluorine (1-)? | SrF2 |
| What is the formation of the ionic compound composed of aluminum(3+) and sulfur(2-)? | Al2S3 |
| What is the formation of the ionic compound composed of cesium(1+) and phosphorous(3-)? | Cs3P |
| What do we call the strong attraction of positive an negative ions in an ionic compound? | crystal lattice |
| What are some of the physical properties that depend on how strongly the particles are attracted to each other? | melting point, boiling point, and hardness |
| What kind of melting points do ionic crystals have? | They have high melting and boiling points |
| What do you call an ionic compound whose aquaeous solution conducts an electric current? | an electrolyte |
| What is an endothermic reaction? | when energy is absorbed during a chemical reaction |
| What is an exothermic reaction? | when energy is released |
| Describe the arrangement of ions in a crystal lattice? | Each ion is surrounded by oppositely charged ions |
| What is lattice energy? | It is the energy required to separate the ions of an ionic compound and is the energy given off when positive and negative ions attract |
| What happens as the ionic radius of the nonmetallic ion increases? | the melting point and lattice energy decrease |
| Why is the overall charge of a formula unit always zero? | Because the total number of electrons gained by the nonmetallic atoms must equal the total number of electrons lost by the metallic atoms |
| What do binary ionic compounds consist of? | positively charged monatomic ions of a metal and negatively charged monatomic ions of a nonmetal. |
| What is the oxidation state? | It is the charge of a monatomic ion and is equal to the number of electrons transferred from an atom of the element to form the ion |
| What symbol is always written first in the chemical formula for any ionic compound? | the symbol of the cation followed by the symbol for the anion |
| Write the correct formula for potassium(1+) and iodide (1-)? | KI |
| Write the correct formula for the ionic compound of aluminum(3+) and bromide(1-)? | ALBr3 |
| What do we call ions made up of more than one atom? | polyatomic ions |
| Determine the correct formula for the ionic compound composed of potassium (1+) and chromate (2-)? | K2CRO4 |
| What is an oxyanion? | a polyatomic ion composed of an element, usually a nonmetal, bonded to one or more oxygen atoms |
| (Nitrogen and sulfur) The ion with more oxygen atoms is named using the root of the nonmetal plus the suffix-- | ate |
| (Nitrogen and sulfur) The ion with fewer oxygen atoms is named using the root of the nonmetal plus the suffix-- | ite |
| (Chlorine) the oxyanion with the greatest number of oxygen atoms is named using the --- | prefix per, the root of the nonmetal, and the suffix ate |
| (chlorine) the oxyanion with one less oxygen atom is named with the --- | root of the nonmetal and the suffix ate |
| (chlorine) the oxyanion with two fewer oxygen atoms is named using the--- | root of the nonmetal plus the suffix ite |
| (chlorine) the oxyanion with three fewer oxygen atoms is named using the --- | prefix hypo, the root of the nonmetal and the suffix ite |
| How do you distinguish between multiple oxidation numbers of the same element? | write the name of the cation followed by a Roman numeral to represent the charge. Next write the name of the anion. |
| What are some properties of metals? | moderately high melting and boiling points, malleable and ductile, durable, luster, good conductors of electricity |
| What do we call a mixture of elements that has metallic properties but differ from the properties of the elements they contain? | an alloy |
| What do we call the type of alloy that has atoms of the original metallic solid replaced by other metal atoms of similar size? | a substitutional alloy |
| What do we call alloys that are formed when the small holes (interstices) in a metallic crystal are filled with smaller atoms? | an intersitial alloy |
