| A | B |
|---|
| Barron v. Baltimore | 1833 case said Bill of Rights only applied to states |
| Gitlow v. New York | said freedom of speech was a fundamental liberty and states could not restrict it. |
| NY Times v. Sullivan | can only sue for libel if "malicious intent" is shown |
| Lemon v. Kurtzman | established tests for federal aid to religious institutions |
| Miller v. Calfornia | established tests for obscenity |
| Griswold v. Connecticut | established right to privacy as a constitutional right |
| Roe v. Wade | abortion is a matter of privacy and cannot be banned, set guidelines for laws by trimester of pregnancy |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | established policy of "separate but equal" |
| Tinker vs. Des Moines | back arm bands in public school were protected as symbolic speech |
| Texas v. Johnson | protected flag burning as symbolic speech |
| Dennis v. US | weakened the freedom of speech and the "clear and present danger" test |
| Webster v. Reproductive health services | states could ban abortions in publicly funded hospitals |
| Casey v. Planned Parenthood | upheld state restrictions on abortion (parental notification, mandatory counseling) |
| Miranda v. Arizona | accused must be informed of their constitutional rights |
| Gideon v. Wainwright | right to an attorney applies to all felonies, state and federal |
| Betts v. Brady | court case that originally said right to attorney only applied to federal capital crimes |
| Mapp v. Ohio | exclusionary rule applied to states as well |
| Brown v. Board of Education | segregation was unconsitutional |
| Heart of Atlanta Motel vs. US | upheld civil rights act of 1964 equality in public accomodations |
| Furman v. Georgia | states must better define statutes for capital punishment |
| NY Times vs US | strengthened idea of no prior restraint. Times was allowed to publish the Pentagon papers |
| Schenck v. US | "Clear and Present Danger" test established to restrict some forms of speech |
| Gibbons v ogden | Allowed for a broad interpretation of the commerce clause, increasing the power of the federal government |
| Reynolds vs US | challenged laws against polygamy as a violation of free exercise clause of the constitution, laws were upheld allowing government to regulate religious practice |
| Engel v. Vitale | establishment clause case that struck down the reading of an opitional non denominational rayer at the start of a school day |
| Dred Scott v. Sandford | basically upheld slavery and said that slaves had no rights under the constitution, and that the federal government could not regulate slavery in the territories. led to civil war and was eventually reversed by the 14th amendment |
| Rosenberger vs. University of Virginia | lowered wall of separation between church and state by allowing UVA to fund a christian student newsletter |
| Furman vs Georgia | required states to better define capital crimes |
| Oregon vs Smith | upheld denying unemployement benefits to drug counselors fired who tested positive for peyote (religious ceremony drug) |
| Reynolds vs US | upheld laws against bigamy/polygamy. said government could regulate action just not beliefs. |
| Gonzales vs Carhart | 2007 case that upheld the congressional ban on partial birth abortion |
| Brown vs Board II | instructed lower courts to carry out desegregation with "all deliberate speed" |
| Near v Minnesota | no prior restraint doctrine is upheld |
| University of CA v Bakke | racial quotas are unconstitutional, BUT race can be used as one of several factors in an affirmative action process |
| Swann v Charlotte Mecklenberg County School Board | busing for racial balancing purposes was constitutional |
