| A | B |
|---|
| autotroph | organism that can make its own nutrients from inorganic substances |
| photosynthesis | process by which autotrophs use light, CO2, and H2O to produce carbohydrates and O2 |
| heterotroph | organism that obtains energy by eating other organisms |
| light reactions | first stage of photosynthesis |
| chloroplast | organelle in which photosynthesis occurs |
| thylakoid | membrane system found within chloroplasts where chlorophyll is found |
| stroma | solution in chloroplasts that surrounds the thylakoids |
| chlorophyll | green pigment in plant cells |
| electron transport chain | series of molecules in chloroplasts and mitochondria through which e- are passed in a process that causes protons to build up on one side of the membrane |
| chemiosmosis | process in which the movement of protons provides energy for ATP synthesis |
| Calvin cycle | CO2 is converted into glucose using ATP, no light is required |
| cellular respiration | process by which cells obtain energy from glucose in the presence of O2 |
| pyruvic acid | 3-carbon compound produced from glycolysis |
| anaerobic | process that does not require O2 |
| glycolysis | breakdown of glucose into pyruvic acid and ATP |
| fermentation | breakdown of carbohydrates in the absence of O2 |
| lactic acid fermentation | breakdown of carbs without O2 that can make muscles sore |
| alcoholic fermentation | process by which yeasts and other organisms break down carbs into CO2 and ethyl alcohol |
| mitochondrial matrix | fluid found inside the inner membrane of a mitochondrion |
| Krebs cycle | 2nd stage of cellular resp. that converts pyruvic acid into CO2 and ATP |
