| A | B |
|---|
What is this?,  | calcium oxalate |
What is this?,  | fatty cast |
What is this?,  | granular cast |
What is this?,  | hyaline cast |
What is this?,  | struvite |
| How do you semiquantify? | rare 0-1/HPF. few 2-5/HPF. moderate 6-15/HPF. many 16-25/HPF. TNTC >26/HPF |
| What are the primary functions of albumin? | osmosis & transport |
| what are the primary functions of globulin? | immunity, transport clotting fibrinogen, & anti-inflammatory |
| What are acute phase proteins for? | response to acute inflammation |
| Hypotonic means | shrinking cells |
| Edema is | too much fluid in interstital space |
| Total solids reference ranges are | dog: 6-7.2g/dL cat: 5.5-6.5g/dL |
| Clinical chemistry is | measures how much chemcials are in the blood |
| Panels are | group of tests for a whole system |
| What is the difference between plasma and serum? | serum has no clotting factors |
| How do you minimize hemolysis? | dont shake. use large needle & approprate syringe. take the needle and cap off. slowly aspirate. |
| Dipsticks are used for... | Glucose. BUN |
| what are your choices of turbidity? | Cloudy, clear, or flocculent |
| What are the reference ranges for specific gravity? | dog: 1.016-1.060 cat: 1.035-1.050 |
| what are the chem results in a healthy animal? | negative--> trace(dogs have 1+ bilirubin) |
| What causes the amonia smell of urine? | bacteria |
| What could've decreased glucose? | putting them in the fridge, penicillin, bacteria, and a type of protein. |
| What do transitional epithelial cells indicate? | inflammation |
| what do bacteria indicate? | infection |
| what do granular casts indicate? | renal disease |
| Diabetes Insipdius | central - defect in the production of ADH. Nephrogenic - cant respond to ADH |
