| A | B |
|---|
| molecule | the smallest unit of a substance that keeps all of the physical and chemical properties of that substance; it can consist of one atom or two or more atoms bonded together. |
| acid | any compound that increases the number of hydronium ions when dissolved in water |
| ATP | an organic molecule that acts as the main energy source for cell processes; composed of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and three phosphate groups |
| element | a substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means |
| activation energy | the minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction |
| enzyme | a type of protein that speeds up metabolic reactions in plant and animals without being permanently changed or destroyed |
| compound | a substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds |
| adhesion | the attractive force between two bodies of different substances that are in contact with each other |
| lipid | a type of biochemical that does not dissolve in water, including fats and steroids |
| monosaccharide | a simple sugar that is the basic subunit of a carbohydrate |
| nucleotide | in a nucleic-acid chain, a subunit that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base |
| carbohydrate | any organic compound that is made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and that provides nutrients to the cells of living things |
| nucleic acid | an organic comopound, either RNA or DNA, whose molecules are made up of one or two chains of nucleotides and carry genetic information |
| substrate | a part, substance, or element that lies beneath and supports another part, substance, or element, the reactant in reactions catalyzed by enzymes |
| atom | the smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element |
| ion | an atom, radical, or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons and has a negative or positive charge |
| solution | a homogenous mixture of two or more substances uniformly dispersed throughout a single phase |
| amino acid | any one of 20 different organic molecules that contain a carboxyl and an amino group and that combine to form proteins |
| active site | the site on an enzyme that attaches to a substrate |
| cohesion | the force that holds molecules of a single material together |
