| A | B |
|---|
| binary fission | a form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size |
| auosome | any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome |
| haploid | describes a cell, nucleus, or organism that has only one set of unpaired chromosomes |
| cancer | a tumor in which the cells begin dividing at an uncontrolled rate and become invasive |
| sex chromosome | one of the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual |
| zygote | the cell that results from the fusion of gametes; a fertilized egg |
| centromere | the region of the chromosome that holds the two sister chromatids together during mitosis |
| spindle | a network of microtubules that forms during mitosis and movews chromatids to the poles |
| gene | a segment of DNA that is located in a chromosome and that codes for a specific hereditary trait |
| interphase | a period between two mitotic or meiotic divisions during which the cell grows, copies its DNA, and synthesizes proteins |
| gamete | a haploid reporductive cell that unites with another haploid reporductive cell to form a zygote |
| homologous chromosomes | chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes, that have the same structure, and that pair during meiosis |
| karyotype | an array of the chromosomes found in an individual's cells at metaphase of mitosis and arranged in homoglogous pairs and in order of diminishing size |
| cell cycle | the life cycle of a cell; in eukaryotes, it consists of a cell-growth period in which DNA is synthesized and a cell-division period in which mitosis takes place |
| chromosome | in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA |
| mytosis | in eukaryotic cells, a proccess of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes |
| cytokinesis | the division of the cytooplasma of a cell |
| chromtid | one of the two strands of a chromosome that become visible during meiosis or mitosis |
| diploid | a cell that contains two haploid sets of chromosomes |
