| A | B |
|---|
| What is a pathogen? | microorganisms and viruses that cause disease that do not belong in your body |
| What are kinds of pathogens? | bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoans |
| How do pathogens cause infectious diseases? | they enter the body and mulitply |
| What is a virus? | the smallest pathogen that multiplies only after entering a living cell |
| How are viruses different from bacteria? | the virus takes over the cell's reproductive mechanisms |
| What are ways that infectious diseases can spread? | contact through an infected person, an infected animal, contaminated objects, contaminated food, soil, or water |
| How would you protect yourself from mosquito-bourne diseases? | wear protective clothing, use an insect repellant containing DEET, get rid of stagnant water |
| What are physical defenses that prevent pathogens from entering your body? | skin, mucous membranes, cilia |
| What are chemical defenses that prevent pathogens from entering your body? | skin, mucous membranes, saliva, tears, digestive system |
| How does the inflammation process fight an infection in the body? | the damaged cells cause the blood vessels to enlarge & white blood cells leak out of enlarged vessels which destroy pathogens |
| What is a lymphocyte? | white blood cells that carry out most of the immune system's functions |
| How do the T cells and B cells of your immune system respond to pathogens? | T cells recognize virus, T cells attack virus, B cells make antibodies, antibodies destroy viruses |
| How are passive immunity and active immunity similar? | gain immunity to diseases |
| How are passive immunity and active immunity different? | passive immunity is acquired by being given antibodies & active immunity is created by own body |
| What are some examples of bacterial diseases? | strep throat, Lyme disease, meningitis, tuberculosis |
| What is an antibiotic? | a prescription medication that inhibits or kills bacteria |
| What type of pathogen does an antibiotic work against? | bacteria |
| What are some examples of viral diseases? | common cold, influenza, pneumonia, hepatitis |
| How might a mild viral infection be treated? | rest, well-balanced diet, plenty of fluids |
| What are symptoms that should prompt you to seek medical care? | extremely sore throat, earache, vomiting, diarrhea, temperature of 101 degrees for two days, thick-yellowish green mucus from nose, difficulty breathing, cut that does not heal, long illness |
| What are healthful behaviors that can help you avoid infectious diseases? | wash hands often, do not share items, cook & store food properly, avoid ill people, stay home when sick, manage stress, eat well-balanced meals, exercise, avoid tobacco, avoid alcohol, avoid illegal drugs |
| What is an epidemic? | an unusually high occurrence of a disease in a certain place during a certain time |
| What is meant by the term "emerging disease"? | infectious disease that has become increasingly common in humans within the last 20 years |
| What is an example of an emerging disease? | Avian flu, SARS, yellow fever, Dengue fever, West Nile virus |
| What are factors that contribute to the development of emerging diseases? | contact with infected animals, drug resistance, lack of immunization, international travel, global food supply |
| Why is monitoring meats and produce from other countries important? | prevents diseases from entering food supply |
| What role do phagocytes play in inflammation? | engulf and destroy pathogens |
| How does a vaccine make you immune to a particular infectious disease? | causes your immune system to produce antibodies against the pathogen |
| What part of the body does hepatitis affect? | liver |
| What type of pathogen causes hepatitis? | virus |
| What is a prescription medicine? | a medicine that is available only with a written order from a qualified healthcare professional |
| What is influenza? | viral infection of the upper respiratory system |
| What causes pneumonia? | viruses, bacteria, fungi |
| What is pneumonia? | a serious infection of the lungs |
