| A | B |
|---|
| 1. Schenck v. U.S. | "Case that established the precedent of “clear and present danger” when determining what is free speech." |
| 2. Brown v. Board of Education | "Famous case that declared segregation to be illegal in the public setting." |
| 3. Gideon v. Wainwright | "Case which was used to expand the right to an attorney to all felony cases." |
| 4. Mapp v. Ohio | "Famous case which set exclusionary rules to the use of evidence found in police searches." |
| 5. Reynolds v. Sims | "Case which established the mandate of “one person |
| 6. Miranda v. Arizona | "Case which established the policy of reading a list of certain rights to accused criminals upon their arrest." |
| 7. Tinker v. Des Moines | "Case which tested free speech and established that non-violent |
| 8. New Jersey v. TLO | "Supreme Court case that established the limits of school personnel to search students while at school." |
| 9. California v. Bakke | "Case which challenged affirmative action laws and mandated that quotas can not be used." |
| 10. Texas v. Johnson | "Case which determined that flag burning was protected as free speech." |
| 11. Political Party | Group of people with similar beliefs about government. |
| 12. Multi-Party System | "where more than two parties compete for control and many times a coalition government has to be formed." |
| 13. Coalitions | "Term that describes when two or more parties join together in order to make a majority in a multi-party system." |
| 14. Conservative | "A person who favors less government or a government that is less involved in people’s lives and is less open to reforming ideas." |
| 15. Liberal | "Term that describes people who are in favor of more government involvement and may be more open to reform." |
| 16. Moderate | "A person who is somewhere in-between the major political parties and may have some beliefs which favor one side and other beliefs that favor the other party." |
| 17. Precinct | "Term for a district or area" |
| 18. Party Platform | "Term that describes a public document that explains what the party believes." |
| 19. Party Plank | "Term that refers to what the party’s policy is on a single issue." |
| 20. National Party Convention | "Meeting held every four years when Presidential candidates are chosen and the party develops official policy beliefs." |
| 21. Grassroots Movement | "Movement that is begun by common people" |
| 22. Non-Partisan Elections | "Elections are do not allow the use of political parties---usually for position that are seen as non-political such as school boards." |
| 23. Public Opinion | "Generic term for what the majority of the public may believe about an issue—can be very misleading as a majority may represent only 51%." |
| 24. Interest Groups | "Group of people with similar beliefs about an issue." |
| 25. Bias | "Term that refers to a person is has already formed an opinion or listens only to one side." |
| 26. Impartial | "Term that refers to a person who has not made a decision and is willing to listen to all sides of an issue." |
| 27. Lobbying | "Act of trying to influence legislators to support a certain issue." |
| 28. Electorate | "All the people who are eligible to vote in an election." |
| 29. Apathy | "Term that refers to the idea that people do not care about political issues." |
| 30. Nominating | "Process of selecting candidates to run for office---usually done by primary elections." |
| 31. Primary | "Special elections that are usually held arounf May that are used to nominate candidates." |
| 32. Negative Advertising | "Process of using advertisements that focus on the faults and shortcomings of your opponent rather than your goals." |
| 33. PACs | "Groups that are formed in order to raise money for candidates running for office---they are limited to a 5 |
| 34. Campaign Finance Reform | "Proposed legislation that would limit the amount of money used by candidates to run for office because of the influence that campaign donors may receive." |
| 35. Plurality | "Term that refers to the way most elections are won---not my majority vote but by getting the most votes." |
| 36. Initiative | "Process where voters in certain states are able to put proposed legislation on the general ballot to be approved or rejected by voters." |
| 37. Referendum | "Process whereby legislators place proposed bills on the general ballot for approval after the legislators have already passed the bill." |
| 38. Exit poll | "A voter may encounter one of these as he leaves the polls so that the media may better predict the winner of elections." |
| 39. Straight Ticket | "Voting only for the same political party all the way through a ballot." |
| 40. Split Ticket | "Voting for candidates from either political party." |
| 41. Absentee Ballot | "Voting that is done before election day because a voter is going to be unable to vote on election day." |
| 42. Run-Off | "Special election between two candidates who did not achieve a majority of the vote—usually done in primary elections." |
| 43. Governor | "Head of the state executive branch and leader of state government." |
| 44. Lieutenant Governor | "Elected position that is similar to the Vice President but on the state level." |
| 45. General Assembly | "Name for the North Carolina Legislature" |
| 46. Leandro Case | "Recent North Carolina case about funding issues in local school districts." |
| 47. Charter | "Local version of a Constitution—It is given to local governments by the State." |
| 48. County Commissioners | "Group of people who govern the affairs of county government." |
| 49. Manager | "Hired official who runs the day-to-day operations of county or city government." |
| 50. Sheriff | "Local law enforcement officer for a county." |
| 51. Coroner | "Local medical official who establishes the cause of death and conducts autopsies." |
| 52. Clerk | "Local official who is responsible for the upkeep of all county records such as birth certificates and land deeds." |
| 53. DA | "Local official who is in charge of prosecuting criminal cases on the local level." |
| 54. Ordinances | "Term for local laws—also referred to as blue laws in some areas" |
| 55. Incorporation | "Official recognition from the state of a local government’s power." |
| 56. Annexation | "Term that refers to the addition of more land into a city or town." |
| 57. Mayor Council | "Type of city government with an all elected leadership---Council passes city ordinances while the mayor carries out those laws." |
| 58. Council Manager | "Type of city government with an elected council who makes law and a hired official who carries out those policies." |
| 59. Zoning Boards | "Local group of officials who make determinations about what types of buildings and the uses of buildings that are allowed in certain areas." |
| 60. Property Taxes | "Most important local tax source---based on a person’s belongings and is a very" stable form of taxes." |
| 61. User Fees | "Type of charge that someone who actually uses a service is charged----water fees for example" |
| 62. Civil Law | "Laws that are based on agreements and conflicts between individuals." |
| 63. Habeas Corpus | "Right of Americans to be released if they are not formally charged with a crime after being detained by police." |
| 64. Bills of Attainder | "Type of law that would punish a person without a trial----these types of laws are illegal according to the constitution." |
| 65. Ex Post Facto Laws | "Type of law that might try to punish someone for an act in past that is now considered illegal---these laws are also illegal under our Constitution." |
| 66. Negligence | "Term explaining the idea that an accident was caused by the careless actions of another person." |
| 67. Injunction | "Court order to stop an action." |
| 68. Penal Code | "Legal term for the laws (statutes) passed by our government." |
| 69. Larceny | "Legal term for taking the property of another person." |
| 70. Fraud | "Legal term for taking someone’s property or money through false statements or trickery." |
| 71. Embezzlement | "Legal term for how a person steals from their employer." |
| 72. Rehabilitation | "Idea that punishments are used in order to help someone be a better citizen. |
| 73. Mandatory Sentencing | "Laws that require that judges impose certain sentences in certain situations." |
| 74. Preliminary Hearing | "Initial court appearance when a person is told the initial charges and their bail is set." |
| 75. Indictment | "Formal process of a grand jury finding that enough evidence exists to take a defendant to court." |
| 76. Arraignment | "Court hearing when a defendant issues their plea of guilty or not-guilty." |
| 77. Plea Bargaining | "Process where a defendant agrees to plead guilty in order to receive a lighter punishment." |
| 78. Prosecution | "Legal term for the people who represent the government in a criminal case." |
| 79. Cross Examination | "Term that refers to the questioning of a witness by the attorney on the opposing side with the intent of discrediting that witnesses testimony." |
| 80. Juveniles | "People who are not yet of age to be considered an adult." |
| 81. Scarcity | "Idea that there is not enough of a product for everyone to have and this fact causes goods to have a price that determines who is willing to pay for that product." |
| 82. Price | "Value assigned to a product according to the forces of supply and demand for that product." |
| 83. Law of Supply | "Economic idea that suppliers will supply more of a product as the price for that product increases." |
| 84. Law of Demand | "Economic idea that buyers will demand more of a product as price decreases." |
| 85. Market Price | "Point where the supply curve and the demand curve intersect |
| 86. Shortages | "Situation when demand is greater than the supply of a product---price will usually increase." |
| 87. Surplus | "Situation when supply is greater than demand---price will usually decrease." |
| 88. Diminishing Utility | "Idea that a person’s demand for a product will reach a maximum no matter the price." |
| 89. Diminishing Return | "Idea that a supplier will reach a point when increased production will not increase profits." |
| 90. Productivity | "Economic term for the amount of work produced in a given amount of time.—Increased productivity causes prices to decrease and fights inflation." |
| 91. Comparative Advantage | "Term describing the situation when one nation produces a product better or cheaper than other nations." |
| 92. Division of Labor | "Idea of dividing labor into individual tasks in order to increase productivity." |
| 93. Economies of Scale | "Economic idea that a larger business can operate at a more efficient rate because of its bulk. Same concept applies when buying items in large quantities." |
| 94. Opportunity Cost | "Economic idea that a person loses the chance to do something when you make a choice." |
| 95. Trade Off | "Economic idea that you deliberately make a decision and do so knowing the other options would be lost." |
| 96. Factors of Production | "Land |
| 97. Capital | "Money used to start or run a business." |
| 98. Capital Goods | "Machines or tools that are used to produce other goods." |
| 99. Traditional Economy | "Primitive economy where almost everything is made by hand." |
| 100. Command Economy | "Economic situation where the government is in control of the factors of production." |
| 101. Market Economy | "Economic situation where individuals make most of the choices." |
| 102. Mixed Economy | "Economic situation where individuals and government share the power over economic decisions with individuals owning smaller businesses and government owning the largest." |
| 103. Laissez Faire Economics | "economic system where the government takes a hands-off policy as proposed by Adam Smith." |
| 104. Capitalism | "Another name for the market economy where individuals risk their capital for a chance to gain a profit." |
| 105. Sole Proprietorship | "business that is owned by one individual—most common form of business in the United States." |
| 106. Partnership | "Business that is owned by two or more people who are trying to pool their resources." |
| 107. Corporation | "Business that is owned by a great number of stockholders who share in the profits of the business yet risk only what they have invested." |
| 108. Stock/Share | "Piece of ownership in a corporation." |
| 109. Dividend | "Piece of the profits from a corporation." |
| 110. Limited Liability | "Economic idea that a person only risks the amount they have invested within a corporation." |
| 111. Business Cycle | "Ups and downs of the economy." |
| 112. GDP | "Value of all the goods and services produced in the nation each year—used as a measure of economic growth." |
| 113. Inflation | "General rise in the value of goods and services—rise in inflation caused value of money to decrease." |
| 114. CPI | "Survey of many goods and services that are compared to the same goods and services over time to measure the increase or decrease in prices." |
| 115. Fiscal Policy | "How the government taxes and spends its revenue." |
| 116. Monetary policy | "How the government regulates the amount of money in circulation." |
| 117. Tight Money policy | "Policy of allowing less money to be created within the economy---usually through higher interest rates." |
| 118. Easy Money Policy | "policy of allowing more money to be created within the economy—usually through lower interest rates." |
| 119. Monopoly | "Business that controls most or all the supply of a particular good or service." |
| 120. Merger | "Two or more businesses becoming one larger business." |
| 121. Trust | "Two or more businesses that act as if they are one business and do not compete against one another." |
| 122. Deregulation | "Relaxation of rules governing a type of business." |
| 123. Labor Unions | "Group of workers who join together in order to gain better conditions." |
| 124. Collective Bargaining | "Process where workers join together and make demands as a larger group in order to gain leverage with their employers." |
| 125. Blacklist | "Owner tactic where they fire troublesome workers and try to keep them from future employment." |
| 126. Right to Work Laws | "Laws in many states which allow workers to choose whether to join the union or not—usually have weakened the power of unions." |
| 127. Mediation | "Process where two groups within a dispute try to use a third party to give a suggested solution to their problem." |
| 128. Arbitration | "Process where two groups within a dispute go to a third party who is given legal binding authority to decide the issue." |
| 129. Progressive Tax | "Tax that is based on the ability of a person to pay and people who make more money should pay a greater percentage." |
| 130. Regressive Tax | "Tax that is paid on an equal percentage by everyone---can be unfair to those with less of a disposable income." |
| 131. Income Tax | "Tax that is based on the money one earns and this tax is usually progressive." |
| 132. Excise Tax | "Tax that is placed upon certain items such as gas |
| 133. Tariffs | "Tax rate that is placed upon certain items as they are imported into the nation." |
| 134. Revenue | "Economic term for the money that is received." |
| 135. Expenditures | "Economic term for the money that is spent." |
| 136. Deficits | "Term describing the process of spending more money than is brought in as revenue." |
| 137. Balanced Budget | "Idea that a budget should never spend more money than its has received." |
| 138. Interest | "Price paid to borrow someone’s money." |
| 139. Collateral | "Item of value that is promised in order to borrow a large sum of money." |
| 140. Stock Market | "Place where shares of corporations or mutual funds are sold on the open market." |
| 141. Mutual fund | "Economic fund that combines the money of many investors and is operated by a professional fund manager who makes the investment decisions." |
| 142. Bonds | "These are certificates issued to investors who loan their money to businesses or governments and are repaid with interest." |
| 143. Exports | "Items which are traded out of the nation." |
| 144. Imports | "Items which are traded into a nation." |
| 145. Balance of Trade | "Economic term describing the relationship between a nation’s imports and its exports." |
| 146. Trade Deficit | "Situation when a nation is importing more goods than it is exporting---this cause more money to leave the nation than enter the nation." |
| 147. NAFTA | "Free trade agreement made between the US |
| 148. European Union | "Group of European nations that have joined together in a free trade union." |
| 149. UN | "World Council that seeks to alleviate world problems." |
| 150. Security Council | "Part of the United Nations which oversees the security of the world." |
