| A | B |
|---|
| Common GI problems | V/D, weight loss, flatulence, abnormal stools, constipation, bloat and colic |
| Basic function | prehension, digestion, absorption, excretion. |
| Three basic mechanisms of GI tract regulation | ANS, Hormones, GI tract cells |
| Vomiting | forceful ejection of stomach contents. intiated by the medulla oblangata when stimulated by chemoreceptors triggors zone. |
| Everything triggers vomitnig... | physiological state, drugs, metabolic disease, peripheral receptor irritation, inner ear disease |
| Emetics | induce vomiting, mainly used for toxins ingestions of less than 4 hours. |
| Vomiting only removes.. | 80% of content |
| Apomorphine | DOC for inducing vomiting in dogs, put in the conjuctival sac or IV, IM |
| Xylazine | DOC for inducing vomiting in cats, reversed ny yohimbine |
| Peripheral Acting Emetics | hydrogen perioxde, syrup of ipecac |
| Antitemetics | Phenothaiazine Derivatives, side effects of sedation, ataxia and hypotension |
| Phenothiazine Derivatives | Acepromazine, Chlorpromazine, Prochloperazine |
| Antihistamines | motion sickness or vestibular disease |
| Metoclopramide | sensitizes GI tract to ACH. increases GI contractions, speeds gastric emptying, strengthens cardiac sphincter. short half life |
| Maropitant | inhibits irritant substances binding to neurokinnin receptors centrally and peripherally. DO NOT USE IN <16WEEKS! |
| H2 antagonists | production of HCL by stomach is regulated by his tamine attachment to H2 blockers |
| Cimetidine | inhibits microsomal hepatic enzyme system, alters stomach pH |
| Ranitidine | less microsomal inhibition BID dosing |
| Famotidine | SID toBID fewer drug reactions |
| Gastrointestinal Protectant | Sulcralfate-binds to gastric mucosa, works best in acidic environment |
| Antacids | decrease absorption of many drugs, do not administer within 1-2 hours of other drugs |
| Antidiarrheals | believed diarrhea result in hyposegmentation |
| Drugs to treat diarrhea | opites, anticholinergics/antispasmotics |
| Adsorbents | protect GI mucosa from further irritation |
| Laxatives | used to loosen bowel contents and promote evacuation |
| NEVER use phosphate in... | cats |
| Psyllium Preparations(metamucil) is used in cats with.. | megacolon |
| Laxative Lubricants | oils and hydrocarbon derivatives, mineral oil, hairball meds |
| Laxative Surfactants | reduce surface tension allowing water absorption by intestinal contents DSS |
| Laxative Irritants | stimulate gut increasing peristalsis |
| Lactulose | used in treatment of chronic constipation, hepatic encephalopathy |
| What is the natural laxative? | pumpkin |
