| A | B |
|---|
| antecedent | the noun or noun phrase that a pronoun refers to or stands for |
| definite article | the |
| indefinite article | a / an |
| auxiliary verb | a structure-class word used with a main verb to indicate tense, aspect, and mood and to form negatives or questions |
| case | the grammatical relationship of nouns and pronouns to other words in a sentence |
| subject case | the form of a pronoun used when it is the subject of a clause or sentence |
| object case | the form of a pronoun used when it is the object of a verb or preposition |
| comma splice | the improper use of a comma to join two independent clauses |
| complex sentence | a sentence containing one independent clause and at least one dependent clause |
| conjunction | a structure-class word that connects two or more words, phrases, or sentences - comes in coordinating, subordinating, and adverb flavors |
| conjunctive adverb | an adverbial structure-class word that connects two independent clauses (e.g. therefore, nevertheless) |
| coordinating conjunction (coordinator) | a structure-class word that connects two words, phrases, or clauses that are considered equal (e.g. and, or, nor) |
| correlative conjunction | a two-word coordinating conjunction (e.g. either...or |
| subordinating conjunction (subordinator) | a structure-class word that makes one clause dependent upon another (e.g., although, because) |
| content word | a form-class word |
| demonstrative pronoun | this, these, that, and those |
| determiner | a word that precedes and modifies a noun, but is not an adjective or another noun |
| function word | a structure-class word, such as a determiner, conjunction, or preposition |
| interrogative clause | a nominal dependent clause beginning with an interrogative word and usually involving a question, directed either to oneself or to another, about an unknown |
| grammatical meaning | the kind of meaning conveyed by word order and other signals such as structure-class words |
| lexical meaning | the kind of meaning conveyed by words that name things or qualities or actions or events |
| phrasal verb | a two-word verb made up of a verb plus a particle |
| prepositional phrase | a preposition followed by a noun phrase functioning as its object (up the street) |
| pronoun | a word that can substitute for a noun or noun phrase |
| indefinite pronoun | pronouns that have no specific referent (e.g. some, any, several) |
| personal pronoun | the pronouns naming people and things (I, you, we, it, etc.) |
| reciprocal pronoun | the pronoun combinations "each other" and "one another" |
| reflexive pronoun | a pronoun ending in -self or -selves |
| qualifier / intensifier | a structure-class word |
| relative clause | a clause that begins with a relative pronoun or relative adverb and modifies a noun or noun phrase that precedes it (the boy *who lives here*) |
| relative adverb | the adverbs where, when, and why, used to introduce relative clauses |
| relative pronoun | the pronouns who, whose, whom, that, and which, used to introduce relative clauses |
| run-on sentence | (not in glossary) a comma splice without the comma |
| structure-class word | words that occur in asingle form and signal grammatical relationships within phrases, clauses, and sentences |
| verb particle | a word or words that combine with a verb to create a phrasal verb (put over on, think through) |
| preposition | a structure-class word that precedes a noun phase functioning as its object |
