| A | B |
|---|
| What was the capital of Bosnia? | Sarajevo |
| Bosnia was a province inside the _________________ Empire. | Austro-Hungarian |
| Who was heir to the throne of Autria-Hungary? | Archduke Francis Ferdinand |
| Who shot Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife? | Gavril Princip, a Bosnian nationalist |
| What event was the spark that set off World War I? | The assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand |
| At first, World War I was known as _________________. | The Great War |
| What were some of the causes of World War I? | Imperialism, Militarism, and Nationalism and a system of Alliances |
| When the European countries scrambled to colonize the remaining uncolonized world and build up their empires it was called ____________. | Imperialism |
| How did militarism lead to WWI? | Each country was aggressively building up a nation for war and the military gained more authority. Their planning for war made war more likely. |
| What were the two types of nationalism that were taking place? | One was that the great powers acted in their own interests (thought their nation was best) and would go against another nation and warfare resulted. The other occured in countries with a diverse population and the longing of an ethnic minority for independence often led to violence. |
| What two countries did Austria-Hungary recently annex prior to World War I? | Bosnia and Serbia |
| Who did Austria-Hungary think was behind teh assassination of Archduke Ferdinand? | Serbia |
| Which were the first two countries to declare war in World War I? | Austria-Hungary declared war against Serbia |
| The readying of war troops is called __________. | mobilization |
| Who was Serbia's protector and they began mobilization? | Russia |
| Who was Austria-Hungary's chief ally? | Germany |
| Who declared war on Russia? | Germany |
| Why did Germany have a war on two fronts? | They were fighting France on the western front and Russia on the Eastern Front |
| This was the German plan that called for a quick sweep through France to knock off the French and then they would fight Russia | Schlieffen Plan |
| To get to France, Germany had to cross _______________. | Belgium |
| When Germany crossed Belgium to get to France, this brought who into the war? | Great Britain, Belgium's protector |
| Why did Germany hope Great Britain would remain neutral? | They had a powerful navy |
| What countries belonged the the Central Powers? | Germany and Austria-Hungary, then Ottoman Empire |
| What countries belonged to the Allies? | Russia, France, Serbia, and Great Britain, then Italy |
| How long did each side feel the war would last? | six weeks |
| This is a situation where neither side is able to gain the advantage | stalemate |
| In earlier wars, it took a strong offense to win, how was this war different? | Now they had to fight defensive battles |
| What were new weapons that were used early in the war? | machine guns and long-range artillary, later poisoned gas,hand granades, artillery shells, U-boats, and tanks would be used |
| A month into the war, the Germans marched to within 30 miles of Paris and at the __________ River, the combined British and French stopped their progress and they both dug in. | Marne |
| What was life like in the trenches. | cold, rat-infested |
| The area between the trenches was called ___________. | no-man's land |
| Where was the Ottoman Empire? | In what is now Turkey |
| What attacks were made on civilians during World War I? | burned fields, killed livestock, poisoned wells, German subs torpedoed any ship thought to carry arms to the allies and several innocent passengers killed, British blockaded Germany and starved the German people. |
| Why did many Americans feel personally involved in the War? | 1/3 of the nation was first or second generation immigrants and they identified with their old country. |
| Why did most Americans oppose the Germans? | They did not like Kaiser Wilhelm, the ruler of Germany because he was an autocrat and they saw the German people as militaristic and cold-blooded. |
| Who was the leader of Germany in World War I? | Kaiser Wilhelm |
| What is an autocrat? | a ruler with unlimited power |
| To protect American investments overseas, President Wilson officially proclaimed the United States as _________. | neutral |
| What was the prepardness movement? | people who called for the United States to be prepared and in a position to aid Great Britain if necessary. Most of these people had strong economic ties to Britain |
| Which groups were urging peace? | former Populists, Midwest Progressives, and social reformers, and many women |
| Submarines were also called what? | German U-boats for unterseeboot |
| How did the British encourage Anti-German feelings? | Early in the war they cut the transatlantic cable connecting Germany and the United States so all the news the United States got about the war came through London. They also translated the Zimmerman note and gave it to the United States |
| Why did the German's sink the British passenger liner, the Lusitania? | It was suspected of containing weapons for the allies |
| How did the sinking of the Lusitania affect Americans? | Even though the Germans had warned the United States to stay off British ships, 128 Aemricans were killed. |
| The Germans also sank a French passenger ship called the __________. | Sussex |
| What was the Sussex Pledge? | The Germans said U-boats would warn ships before attacking them |
| What slogan did Wilson use in the 1916 election? | He kept us out of war |
| Why did Germany violate the Sussex Pledge even though they knew it might bring the U.S. into the war. | They thought they could defeat Britain before an American entry could make a difference. |
| What is a filibuster? | A tactic used where Congressmen begin talking and refuse to stop talking to prevent a vote on a measure. |
| What was the Zimmerman note? | It was a note from Germany's foreign secretary to Mexico that told Mexico if they joined Germany and defeated the U.S. they could take back land they had lost in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona |
| What was occurring on the Eastern Front? | The Germans and Austrians were pushing deeper into Russia. |
| Who was the last czar of Russia? | Nicholas II |
| What caused the overthrow of Czar Nicholas II? | The Bolshevek's led by Lenin overthrew him in the Russian Revolution of 1917 |
| How did the Russian Revolution affect America's involvement in the war? | The fall of the czar removed the last studmbling block to a full American commitment to the Allies. They had not wanted to be aligned with Czar Nicholas II, an autocratic leader |
| Why did President Wilson say the U.S. was entering the War? | "The world must be made safe for democracy" |
| Who led the American troops in Europe? | John J. Pershing |
| What was the Selective Service Act? | It authorized the draft of young men for military service |
| Why was the draft accepted better in this war than in the Civil War? | Many Americans thought this was the war to end all wars. |
| Draftees, Volunteers, and National Guradsmen made up the American army that was called ________________. | The American Expeditionary Force |
| What role did women play in World War I? | They served as nurses, drivers, and clerks and some served abroad as civilians working for the government or private agencies |
| How did the War Department transport troops? | By using convoys. |
| What is a convoy? | it consisted of a group of unarmed ships surrounded by a ring of destroyers and torpedo boats |
| Why did Pershing keep his troops independent of the Allied Forces? | He thought they had become too accustomed to defensive action and he wanted to save his men for offensive action |
| How were African Americans used in the war effort? | The marines would not accept them and the navy would only allow them to perform manual labor. In the army they had to serve in separate units. Most never saw any action. |
| How did the 369th African American unite perform in WWI. | They got their commanding officer to loan them to a French troop and the entire unit recieved France's highest combat medal, the Croix de Guerre |
| Why did the Germans help Lenin get from Switzerland to Russia? | He promised the Germans that he would make peace with Germany once he took over Russia. |
| how did the outcome of the Russian Revolution affect World War I. | When Lenin took over Russia, he kept his promise to Germany and exited the war. Now Germany only had the western front to worry about. |
| German forces turned all their efforts to the western front and were only 50 miles outside of _______________. | Paris |
| Who came in to help save Paris? | The American Expeditionary Force |
| At what battle did the Americans help the French save Paris and turn the tide of the war? | Battle of Chateau-Thierry |
| After Aemricans helped to turn back the Germans and save Paris, what new weapon did the Americans start using? | the tank |
| At the battle of _______________, the Allied Armies stopped the German advance once and for all. | Amien |
| Who was the German General who advised Kaiser Wilhelm to seek a peace settlement? | Erich von Ludendorff |
| The allies insisted on total _________. | surrender |
| What was the first major military effort left entirely in American hands? | St. Mihiel |
| Aerial dogfights had been taking place. Who was an American Ace who downed 26 enemy fighters. | Eddie Rickenbacker |
| Where was the final allied assult? | Meuse-Argonne |
| What is a conscientious objector? | someone who refuses to serve in the military because of his religious beliefs |
| Who was the most famous Conscientious objector in WWI. | Corporal Alvin York |
| How did Corporal York win his fame? | His patrol decided to destroy a German machine-gun nest and lost half their men. Under heavy fire, the remaining men took cover, but York continued the attack on his own and killed 25 machine gunners and captured 132 German soldiers |
| How was Corporal York honored? | He received the Congressional Medal of Honor and the French Croix de Guerre |
| What is an armistice? | cease-fire |
| What is the estimated death toll of WWI? | 8 million |
| What is genocide? | The organized killing of an entire people |
| Where was genocide taking place? | The Ottoman Empire deported and murdered Armenians who they suspected were disloyal to the government and this would continue until the 1920's |
| These were special war bonds sold to support the Allies. | liberty bonds |
| Who sold many liberty bonds? | The Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts |
| What were four minute men. | People who gave brief four minute speeches before movies, plays and school or union meetings and urged the audience to buy war bonds. |
| Who headed the War Industry Board? | Bernard Baruch |
| What was the War Industry Board? | they oversaw the nation's war related production and told manufacturers what to produce and even fixed prices |
| What did the War Trade Board do? | They licensed foreign trade and punished firms suspected of dealing with the enemy |
| What was the National War Labor Board? | They worked to settle any labor disputes that might hinder the war effort. |
| What was the War Labor Policies Board? | It set standard wages, hours, and working conditions in the war industry. |
| What did the Lever Food and Fuel Control Act do? | it gave the President the power to manage the distribution of food and fuels vital to the war effort. |
| Who headed the food administration? | Herbert Hoover |
| Did Herbert Hoover use price controls and food rationing? | no, he hoped Americans would use voluntary restraint |
| How did Hoover appeal to the women of the country? | He used the "Gospel of the Clean Plate" |
| What did the Fuel Administration do? | they sponsored gasless days to save fuel and began the practice of daylight savings time to increase the number of daylight hours and lessen the need for artificial light. |
| How did the regulation of American life help the corporate world? | The government had less time to pursue Anti-Trust Suits and corporate profits tripled |
| What did the Committee on Public Information do? | made short films, pamphlets, and posters explaining the war aims and to get people to enlist and buy war bonds. |
| Was censorship used during WWI? | yes |
| How did WWI affect immigration? | more immigration restraints were imposed |
| What immigration restraint was imposed by the National Security League over Wilson's veto? | a literacy test for immigrants |
| What did the Americans call Germans during this time period? | Huns, in reference to the Asiatic people who brutally invaded Europe in the fourth and fifth century |
| German measles were renamed ________ measles | liberty measles |
| How did the hamburger get its name? | It was named after Hamburg, Germany so people began callling it a liberty sandwich |
| What was the Espionage Act? | It made it illegal to interfere with the draft |
| What is sedition? | speech or actions that encourage rebellion |
| What was the Sedition Act? | It made it illegal to obstruct the sale of liberty bonds or discuss anything disloyal about the American form of government, the Constitution, the army or the navy |
| What two groups were considered political radicals and concerned Americans. | Industrial Workers of the World and Socialists |
| Citizens who take the law into their own hands are called _____________. | vigilantees |
| How did the war affect the workers that were hired in factories? | The war cut off the flow of immigrants and young men were drafted so there was a shortage of labor. Many factories began hiring African Americans and Mexicans that had previously been discriminated against |
| What was the Great Migration? | The movement of African Americans from the South into the industrial north |
| What was the 18th amendment? | it made it illegal to manufacture, sell, or transport alcohol |
| Why was the 18th amendment finally passed in 1917? | the production of alcohol used a lot of grain, which was now needed to make bread to feed people at home and overseas. |
| What was Wilson's program for peace called? | Fourteen Points |
| What was the first point of Wilson's 14 points? | it called for an end to entangling alliances |
| What are the spoils of war? | The rewards that a winning country receives, such as land |
| Which country was very concerned about punishing Germany and wanted it divided up? | France |
| One of Wilson's 14 points called for an organization that the nations of thw world would join together to ensure security and peace for all members. | League of Nations |
| Why did the United States reject a League of Nations? | It said that an attack on one was an attack on all and we thought it would drag the U.S. into unpopular foreign wars. |
| Who were considered The Big Four? | Britain, France, Italy, and the United States |
| Who was the leader of France? | Clemenceau |
| What new nations were created after World War I? | Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia and Austria and Hungary were split |
| Who was Italy's prime minister? | Vittorio Orlando |
| What are reparations? | Payment from an enemy for economic injury suffered during war |
| These were Senators who ooposed the war treaty. | Irreconcilables |
| Senators who wanted to impose resercations or restrictions on American participation in the League were called _________. | Reservationists |
| How did Wilson try to gain support for his war plan? | He began touring the country and making speeches |
| Who was President when American finally passed a resolution to end the war? | Warren Harding |
| At the end of World War I, who was the World's largest creditor? | The United States |
| Describe post-World War I America. | Men were returning from the service with no job to go to, women left their jobs voluntarily or because they were fired, African Americans continued to face lynchings and discrimination, the realities of trench warfare, death, and destruction hit many Americans very hard and they entered the postwar era with a sense of gloom. |
| This is a policy of not being involved in foreign affairs | isolationism |
| What was the Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation? It was also called the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk | It was a peace treaty that Russia (Vladamir Lennin) signed with Germany ending the war between them. |
| Which countries were member of the Triple Alliance? | Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy |
| Which countries were members of the Triple Entente? | Great Britain, France, and Russia |
