| A | B |
|---|
| Personality | individuals unique pattern of thoughts, feeling, and behaviors that persists over time and across situations |
| unconscious | Freuds theory, all ideas, thoughts, and feelings of which we are not and normally cannot become aware |
| psychoanalysis | the theory of personality Freud developed as well as the form of therapy he invented |
| id | freuds theory that the collection of unconscious urges and desires that continually seek expression |
| pleasure principal | the way in which the id seeks immediate gratifcation of an instinct |
| Ego | part of the personality that mediates between the environment(reality), conscience(superego) and instinctual needs(id) |
| reality principle | way the ego seeks to satisfy instinctual demands safely and effectively in the real world |
| superego | the social and parental standards the individual has internalized |
| libido | freud... the energy generated by sexual instinct |
| Fixation | partial or complete halt at some point in the individuals psychosexual development |
| oral stage | first stage in freud theory... where infants erotic feelings center on the mouth, lips and tongue. |
| anal stage | second stage... childs erotic feelings center on the anus and on elimination |
| phallic stage | third stage in which erotic feelings center on the genitals |
| oedipus complex | boys have a natural attraction to their mothers |
| electra complex | girls have a attraction to their fathers |
| latency period | freuds theory in personality that a child does not have intrest in sex |
| genital stage | last stage of normal adult sexual development, usually marked by mature sexuality |
| Sigmund Freud | coined the term psychoanalysis |
| psychoanalysis | a that encompasses both his theory of personlaity and the form of therapy he developed |
| Psychodynamic theory | places the origins of personality in unconscious, often sexual, motivations and conflicts |
| Carl Jung | believed in the ego... but also thought unconscous broke down into personal unconscious and collective unconscious |
| personal unconscious | are our repressed thoughts, forgotten experiences and undeveloped ideas, which may rise to consciousness if triggered |
| collective unconscious | jung theory that is inherited and common to all member of a species. |
| archetypes | jung believed thought forms that are common to all human beings are stored in our collective unconscious |
| persona | according to jung is our public self, the mask we put on to represent ourselves to others |
| anima | the female archetype as it is expressed in the male personality |
| animus | the male archetype as it is expressed in the female personality |
| extrovert | a person who usually focuses on social life and the external world |
| introvert | a person who usually focuses on his or her own thoughts and feelings |
| rational individuals | regualate their actions by the psychological functions of thinking and feeling |
| irrational individuals | base their actions on perceptions, either through the senses or through unconscious processes |
| compensation | Adler theory, the person's effort to overcome imagined or real personal weakness |
| inferiority complex | Adler's theory that personal inferiority that results in emotional and social paralysis. |
| Anxiety | Horney's theory, the individual's reaction to real or imagined threats. |
| neurotic trends | Horneys term for irrational strategies for coping with emotional problems and minimizing anxiety |
| Erik Erikson | focused on personality development broke down into 8 stages |
| trust vs. mistrust | babies either trust their parents or their needs are not met |
| autonomy vs. shame and doubt | children either learn to do things on their own or they doubt themselves |
| initiative vs. guilt | sense of joy for taking on new challenges or if scolded for trying new things may feel guilt |
| industry vs. inferiority | learning new skills in school and home they either feel sucessful or inadequate |
| identity vs. role confusion | during puberty trying to find themselves... if successful they find their sense of identity, failure leads to confusion and despair |
| intimacy vs. isolation | success to to fulfill love and failure leads to loneliness |
| generativity vs. stagnation | middle adulthood... success you find meaning and joy in life, failure life is drab and dull |
| integrity vs. despair | old age... people either accept their life for what it is and accept death, or they they regret their past |
| Humanistic personality theory | asserts fundamental goodness of people and thier striving toward higher levels of functioning |
| Carl Rodgers | humanistic... contended that men and women develop their personalities in the service with postive goals |
| actualizing tendency | rogers.... every organism drives to fulfill ist biological potential to be the best they can be. |
| self- actualizing tendency | drive that humans have to fulfill the image they have for themselves |
| fully functioning person | people decided what they wish to do and become |
| unconditional positive regard | Rogers... the full acceptance and love of another person regardless of their behavior |
| conditional positive regard | acceptance and love that are dependant on behaving in certain ways |
| personality traits | characteristics on which people differ in distinctive ways such as dependency, anxiety, agressiveness and sociability |
| Gordon Allport | identified over 18,000 personality traits |
| The Big Five | five traits or dementions currently thought to be of central importance in describing personality |
| cognitive-social learning theory | personality in the ways people think about, act on and respond to their environment |
| Expectancies | person anticipates in a situation or as a result of behaving in certain ways |
| Locus of Control | is a prevalent expectancy by which people evaluate situations |
| internal locus of control | people feel they can control their own fate |
| external locus of control | fate is out of their hands |
| personality assessments | is difficult in measuring personality because it is not scientific. It just measures "typical" behavior |
| personal interview | conversation to obtain personal experiences |
| observation | observe behavior in everyday situations |
| objective tests | personality tests that are administered and scored |
| sixteen personality factor questionnaire | created by Cattell that provides scores based on 16 personality traits |
| Minnesota Multiphasic Personaity Inventory | originally intended for psychiatric diagnosis... most widely used personality test |
| projective tests | personality tests that consist of ambiguous or unstructured material |
| rorschach test | projective tests that have patients interpret ambiguous inkblots to reveal aspects of their personality |
| thematic apperception Tests | ambigious pictures are shown to patient and then they are asked to write a complete story. |
