| A | B |
|---|
| temperature | measure of an average kinetic energy of all the particles in an object |
| thermal energy | sum of the kinetic and potential energy of the particles in an object; is transferred by conduction, convection, and radiation |
| heat | thermal energy that flows from a warmer material to a cooler material |
| specific heat | amount of thermal energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a material 1 degree Celsius |
| conduction | transfer of thermal energy by collisions between particles in matter at a higher temperature and particles in matter at a lower temperature |
| convection | transfer of thermal energy in a fluid by the movement of warmer and cooler fluid from one place to another |
| radiation | transfer of thermal energy by electromagnetic waves |
| insulator | material in which electrons are not able to move easily |
| thermodynamics | study of the relationship between thermal energy, heat, and work |
| first law of thermodynamics | states that the increase in thermal energy of a system equals the work done on the system plus the heat added to the system |
| second law of thermodynamics | states that is impossible for heat to flow from a cool object to a wamer object unless work is done |
| internal combustion engine | heat engine that burns fuel inside the engine in chambers or cylinders |
| entropy | a measure of how spread out, or dispersed energy is |
| heat of fusion | amount of energy required to change a substance from the solid phase to the liquid phase |
| heat of vaporization | the amount of energy required for the liquid at its boiling point to become a gas |
| Kelvin | the SI unit for temperature, abbreviated K; a temperature change of 1 Kelvin is the same as a temperature change of 1°C |
| kinetic theory | explanation of the behavior of molecules in matter; states that all matter is made of constantly moving particles that collide without losing energy |
| plasma | matter consisting of positively and negatively charged particles |
