| A | B |
|---|
| aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase | type of enzyme that links amino acids to tRNA |
| anticodon | nucleotide sequence in tRNA that is complementary to mRNA sequence |
| antiterminator | tRNA that allows addition of an amino acid at a normal stop translation site |
| autocatalytic | molecule that has enzyme properties to process itself |
| cistron | mRNA sequence that codes for a polypeptide |
| codon | sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA specifying an amino acid or stop |
| degenerate code | more than one coding sequence for the same amino acid |
| elongation factor | factor required for charged tRNA binding or translocation step in translation |
| exon | protein-coding sequence found in mature mRNA |
| f-Met | first amino acid added to protein in prokaryotes |
| genetic code | nonoverlapping, three nucleotide codons in mRNA specifying amino acids |
| initiation factor | protein factor required for binding of mRNA to ribosome and addition of first charged tRNA in translation |
| initiator tRNA | tRNA carrying f-Met or Met to start protein synthesis |
| intron | RNA sequence not found in mature mRNA because of splicing |
| mRNA | RNA that codes for a protein |
| peptidyl transferase | enzyme that catalyzes transfer of protein from tRNA in P site to tRNA in A site |
| polyadenylation | process of adding a string of adenines to the end of an mRNA |
| polycistronic message | mRNA that contains code for more than one protein |
| polyribosomes | mRNA being translated by several ribosomes simultaneously |
| primary transcript | unmodified RNA |
| promoter | DNA sequence to which RNA polymerase binds |
| protease | enzyme that digests proteins |
| proteasome | complex of proteases involved in protein degradation |
| proteolysis | protein degradation |
| reading frame | the nonoverlapping series of three nucleotides used for translation of mRNA into protein |
| release factor | molecule binding to stop codon and cuts peptide chain from tRNA in P site |
| rho | a protein involved in transcriptional termination in prokaryotes |
| ribosome | complex of RNA and protein used to translate info in mRNA to protein |
| ribozyme | RNA with enzyme activity |
| RNA polymerase | enzyme that uses DNA as a template to make RNA |
| RNA processing | post-transcriptional modifications of RNA |
| RNA splicing | removal of introns from RNA |
| rRNA | RNA found in ribosomes |
| 7-methylguanosine | modified nucleotide added to 5' end of eukaryotic mRNA as a cap |
| Shine-Delgarno sequence | mRNA sequence in prokaryotes recognized by prokaryotic ribosomes |
| snRNP | small nuclear ribonuclear protein - used in RNA splicing |
| transcription | use of DNA as a template to make RNA |
| translation | use of RNA as a template to make protein |
| tRNA | anticodon containing RNA that brings amino acids to ribosome |
| wobble | when third base of codon shifts to form non Watson-Crick pair with anticodon |
| wobble position | third base of codon, where wobble pairing occurs with first base of anticodon |
