| A | B |
|---|
| personality | the patterns of feelings, thoughts, and behavior that set people apart from one another |
| trait | an aspect of personality that is considered to be reasonably consistent |
| introverts | a person who tends to be interested in his or her own thoughts and feelings, and who turns inward rather than to other people for ideas and energy |
| extroverts | a person who tends to be active and selfexpressive, and who gains energy from interaction with others |
| dimensions | the range over which or the degree to which something extends; scope |
| drive | powerful needs or instincts related to selfpreservation that motivate behavior |
| id | in psychoanalytic theory, the reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives |
| ego | in psychoanalytic theory, the personality component that is conscious and that controls behavior |
| superego | according to Freud, the part of personality that represents the individual’s internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment |
| defense mechanisms | psychological distortions used to remain psychologically stable or in balance |
| repression | in psychoanalytic theory, the defense mechanism that removes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from one’s consciousness |
| rationalization | in psychoanalytic theory, the defense mechanism by which an individual finds justifications for unacceptable thoughts, impulses, or behaviors |
| regression | in psychoanalytic theory, a defense mechanism by which an individual retreats to an earlier stage of development when faced with anxiety |
| projection | in psychoanalytic theory, the defense mechanism by which people attribute their own unacceptable impulses to others |
| collective unconscious | Jung's concept of a shared, inherited body of memory that all humans have |
| archetypes | original models from which later forms develop; in Jung's personality theory, archetypes are primitive images or concepts that reside in the collective unconscious |
| inferiority complex | according to Adler, feelings of inadequacy and insecurity that serve as a central source of motivation |
| socialization | the process by which people, especially children, learn socially desirable behavior by means of verbal messages; the systematic use of rewards and punishments, and other teaching methods |
| utopian | ideal |
| social cognitive theory | the theory that personality is shaped and learning is acquired by the interaction of personal, behavioral, and environmental factors |
| self-concept | one’s view of oneself as an individual |
| congruence | agreement; in psychology, consistency between one's self-concept and one's experience |
| subjective | not objective, personal |
| acculturation | the process of adapting to a new or different culture |
