| A | B |
|---|
| autotroph | Organisms that use energy from sunlight or from chemical bonds to make organic substances |
| photosynthesis | The process by which light energy is converted to chemical energy |
| heterotroph | Organisms that get their energy from food (instead of sunlight) |
| cellular respiration | The metabolic process of getting energy from food; similar to burning fuel |
| pigment | Light absorbing substances |
| chlorophyll | Primary pigment involved in photosynthesis; absorbs mostly blue and red light; reflects green and yellow light |
| carotenoid | Pigment that produces yellow and orange leaf colors, as well as the colors of many fruits, vegetables, and flowers |
| thylakoid | Clusters of pigments embedded in the membranes of disk-shaped structures |
| electron transport chain | The series of molecules through which excited electrons are passed along a thylakoid membrane |
| NADPH | Electron carrier that provides the high-energy electrons needed to make carbon-hydrogen bonds in the 3rd stage of photosynthesis |
| carbon dioxide fixation | The transfer of carbon dioxide to organic compounds |
| Calvin cycle | The most common method of carbon dioxide fixation; a series of enzyme-assisted chemical reactions that produces a three-carbon sugar |
| aerobic | Metabolic processes that requires oxygen |
| anaerobic | Metabolic processes that do not require oxygen |
| NADH | An electron carrier that eventually donates its electrons to other organic compounds |
| Krebs cycle | A series of enzyme-assisted reactions |
| FADH2 | A type of electron carrier |
| Fermentation | The recycling of NAD+ using an organic hydrogen acceptor |
