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| A change in ocean current causes the climate on an island to become drier. As a result, the grasses that cover the island change from dark green to light brown. Over time, how might a species of green toads that hide in the grasses and are subject to predation respond to these changes? | Their coloration will change to brown. |
| A river caused one population of giraffes to become separated into two populations. Members of these two populations were later brought together but were not able to breed. What is this an example of? | speciation |
| A storm blew several butterfly-eating birds to a distant island. The island, which previously had no birds, was filled with butterflies of all colors. One year later, all of the butterflies were dark green and brown. What is a likely explanation for the change in the butterfly population? | The surviving butterflies had a trait that protected them from the birds. |
| Over time, animals may change behavior or physical appearance in response to changes in the environment. What is this called? | adaptation |
| What is the process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully than others do? | natural selection |
| When an effective insecticide is used on a population of insects, most of the insects are killed. However, a few may survive due to genes that make them resistant to the insecticide. What is the BEST explanation of why this occurs? | Insects that survived sprayings passed their resistant genes to their offspring. |
| When penicillin was first developed it was hailed as a miracle drug. People said that bacterial diseases would be completely wiped out. However, over time many of these species of bacteria are no longer killed with penicillin. What is one likely cause of this phenomenon? | rapid bacterial mutations due to environmental pressures |
| A cell that has lost its chromosomes will be unable to do what? | produce offspring |
| A human has 46 chromosomes in each body cell. How many chromosomes does each egg cell have? | 23 |
| How would a gene be described? | as the coded instructions for a trait |
| Haploid numbers of chromosomes are usually found in the what of an organism? | Sex cells |
