| A | B |
|---|
| latifundia | large estates run by slaves, small farmers kicked off |
| brothers grachus | tried to institute land reforms; both were killed |
| Marius and Sulla | gererals who led civil wars and became dictators |
| first triumvirate | Julius Caesar, Pompey and Crassus take control |
| Julius Caesar | hero of Gaul, created jobs, strengthens frontier, pay for army |
| Cassius and Brustus | senators who led the plot to murder Caesar |
| Octavian | Caesar's nephew, becomes first emperor Augustus 28 B.C |
| Cassius and Brutus | fought Octavian, lost, committed suicide |
| Pax Romana | "Roman Peace" Early empire from 27 B.C.-180 A.D. |
| Caligula and Nero | bad emperors, both had to be eliminated |
| gravitas | old Roman values of strength, honor and truth |
| gladiators | convicts and prisoners sentenced to fight in Colosseum |
| Trajan | good emperor, saw empire stretch to largest size 98-117 A.D. |
| Hadrian | fighting emperor, built Hadrian's wall in Britannia |
| Marcus Aurelius | philosopher emperor, ends Pax Romana with his death |
| Bread and Circus | emperors plan to quiet the mob |
| trade disrupted | by 200 A.D., frontier begins to crumble, piracy on sea |
| inflation | pricees go up, money gets less valuable |
| mercenaries | soldiers for hire, barbarians fighting in the legions |
| corruption | gambling, drinking, prostitution, too many slaves and greed |
| Diocletion | emperor freezes prices and divides empire |
| Contantine | permanently moves government to Byzantium (Canstantinople) |
| Visigoths | eastern germanic horde who sacked Rome in 410 A.D. |
| Vandals | Germans who took Spain, N. Africa and burn Rome in 455 A.D. |
| Huns | Asian horseman who raided eastern Europe all the way to France |
| Attila | Hun leader who united clans, deal w/ pope, dies 453 A.D. |
| Byzantine Empire | rules for next 1000 years, preserves Greek and Roman culture |
| Rome falls | by 476 A.D. Germanic tribes take over Italy |
