| A | B |
|---|
| transformation | bacteria strain changes into another |
| bacteriophage | virus that infects bacteria |
| histone | protein that DNA wraps around |
| replication | DNA makes a copy of itself |
| DNA polymerase | principal enzyme involved in DNA replication |
| promoter | signal that indicates to an enzyme where to bind to make RNA |
| introns | sections of RNA molecules that are removed |
| codon | three nucleotides that specify a single amino acid to be added to a polypeptide |
| mutation | change in the genetic material |
| polyploidy | having extra sets of chromosomes |
| operon | genes that operate together |
| differentiation | cells become specialized in structure and function |
| nucleotide | three parts: a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base |
| base pairing | hydrogen bonds can form only between certain bases in DNA |
| chromatin | DNA and protein tightly packed togther to form a substance |
| transcription | RNA molecules are produced by copying part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA into a complementary sequence in RNA |
| RNA polymerase | enzyme that uses one strand of DNA as a template |
| exons | after introns have been cut out of RNA molecules, the remaining pieces are spliced together |
| translation | decoding of an mRNA message into a protein |
| anticodon | three bases on the tRNA molecule that are complementary to one of the mRNA codons |
| operator | the lac repressor protein binds to the ___ |
| hox genes | controls the development of organs and tissues in various parts of an embryo |
| transfer RNA | :,  |
| messenger RNA | :,  |
| ribosomal RNA | :,  |
