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abstract-antecedent
AP Language and Composition Rhetorical Terms which have appeared on previous AP Language exams:
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| abstract | refers to language that describes concepts rather than concrete images ( ideas and qualities rather than observable or specific things, people, or places). The observable or “physical” is usually described in concrete language. |
| Ad Hominem | In an argument, this is an attack on the person rather than on the opponent’s ideas. It comes from the Latin meaning “against the man.” |
| Allegory | an extended narrative in prose or verse in which characters, events, and settings represent abstract qualities and in which the writer intends a second meaning to be read beneath the surface of the story; the underlying meaning may be moral, religious, political, social, or satiric. Examples: John Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress (Temptations of Christians) , Orwell’s Animal Farm (Russian Revolution), and Arthur Miller’s Crucible (“Red Scare”) |
| Alliteration | repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words that are close to one another: Mickey Mouse; Donald Duck; Daffy Duck; Suzy Sells Seashells … |
| Allusion | a reference to a well-known person, place, or thing from literature, history, mythology, or the Bible. Example: Eden, Scrooge, Prodigal Son, Catch-22, Judas, Don Quixote, Mother Theresa |
| Analogy | Comparison of two similar but different things, usually to clarify an action or a relationship, such as comparing the work of a heart to that of a pump. An analogy is a comparison to a directly parallel case. Examples:Shells were to ancient cultures as dollar bills are to modern American culture. |
| Anaphora | Repetition of a word, phrase, or clause at the beginning of two or more sentences in a row. This is a deliberate form of repetition and helps make the writer’s point more coherent. Examples:“There was the delight I caught in seeing long straight rows. There was the faint, cool kiss of sensuality. There was the vague sense of the infinite….” |
| Anecdote | short, simple narrative of an incident; often used for humorous effect or to make a point. |
| Annotation | Explanatory notes added to a text to explain, cite sources, or give bibliographical data. |
| Antecedent | the word, phrase, or clause to which a pronoun refers |
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Language Arts Department Chair |
Dalton High School |
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