| A | B |
|---|
| monarchy | type of government where a king or queen has central power |
| aristocracy | rule by noble landowning elite |
| oligarchy | power in the hands of a small, powerful group, usually from the business class |
| direct democracy | people hold the ruling power (mob-rule) |
| tyrants | people who gain power by force |
| The Parthenon | temple stood on the acropolis in Athens & was dedicated to the goddess Athena; rectangular shape with columns - It reflected balance & order |
| acropolis | higher level of Athens [hilltop] on which temples like the Parthenon stood as well as a fortress - rebuilt by pericles during the Golden Age |
| Socratic Method | teaching method devised by the philosopher Socrates asking questions of his pupils to lead them to understand things for themselves |
| ethnocentrism | the belief that your culture or ethnic group is superior to all others [the Greeks called non-Greeks barbarians |
| polis | name for a Greek city-state |
| strait | narrow passage of water connecting 2 larger bodies of water |
| golden age | Time of peace and prosperity cultural, & technological advancements The economy was good & things were at their peek – life was very good |
| philosopher | "lover of wisdom" - Socrates, Plato, Aristotle |
| philosopher king | Ruler in Plato's republic about an ideal state that controlled peoples' lives |
| cultural diffusion | spread or mixing of cultures - an example is the hellenistic culture [blend of greek, Egyptian, persian, Indian] |
| Hellenistic | new culture created by Alexander the Great's empire in which he brought Greek ideas, culture, art, etc. to mix with the cultures of the lands he conquered: Egyptian, Persian, Iindian |
| Similarities between Athens & Sparta [all greeks] | same gods & goddesses; same language [Greek]; took part in the Olympic Games |
| Differences: Athens | direct democracy [all men could vote, make laws]; had trade & travel; educated boys in many subjects |
| Differences: Sparta | military society & training [no other education]; 2 king monarchy; NO trade or travel |
| Socrates view on government | believed in a democracy [citizens make decisions] |
| Plato's view on government | the state should control evry parts of peoples' lives under a philosopher king] |
| Aristotle's view on government | government run by one strong and virtuous [good] ruler |
| How greece used sea ports to communicate with other cities | Mountains isolated the city-states by land, but Greece's long coastline had many harbors so Greeks could use sea-going ships to trade 7 travel all over the Mediterranean Sea area |
| Pericles | leader of Athens during the Golden Age - he set up a direct democracy [in which all men participated in government]; rebuilt the temples of the acropolis & made Athens the center of Greek culture |
| Women in Athens | were inferior to men & "protected" by staying home to do household chores - they had no public life |
| Women in Sparta | expected to be physically fit & healthy mothers of sons, but were allowed to own property because the men were often at war |
| How Greeks defeated Xeres' Persian navy | The Greeks tricked Xeres' Persian navy to come into the narrow Strait of Salamis where they got trapped & then rammed & sunk by the the Athenian navy |
| Where was Xeres' persian navy defeated? | in the narrow Strait of Salamis |
| Greek Golden Age | Centered in Athens, the golden age was a time when Greek culture was at its peek - Greek art, architecture, poetry, drama, philosphy, science developed from which we get many of our ideas |
| What did philosophers do? | Philosophers used their minds [reason] to question and seek truth about education, government, and other parts of society |
| Types of literature created | poetry [example = Homer's epic poems about Greek history] & drama [comedies & tragedies performed as plays in theaters] |
| What was Greek art like? | colorful, lifelike; balanced; showed order & perfection; beautiful |
| What did Greek architecture reflect? | balance & order [Ex. temples like the Parthenon were a perfect rectangle outlined by columns] |
| Greek religion | polytheistic; NO central text [book] |
| Why Hellenistic culture was a great example of cultural diffusion | Alexander the Great brought Greek ideas, language & art every place he conquered; Greek architects built Greek temples in the new cities Alexander created in his empire. greek soldiers married local Persian & Egyptian women. Greek ideas, culture & learning mixed with Persian, Egyptian & other local ideas. Alexander's military conquests resulted in a new blended Hellenistic culture, heavily influence by Greek achievements |
