| A | B |
|---|
| AppleShare | This provides Application layer services for Macintosh |
| AppleTalk Filing Protocol (AFP) | This manages file sharing for Macintosh computers |
| AppleTalk Transaction Protocol (ATP) | This provides connection between two computers at the Transport layer - Macintosh computers |
| Datagram Delivery Protocol (DDP) | This provides transmission of packets across a network. It resides in the Network layer - MacIntosh Computers |
| DECnet | This is Digital Equipment Corporation’s protocol stack. It is a routable protocol that can also use TCP/IP and OSI protocols |
| ipx/spx | Even though Novell NetWare 5.1 has incorporated TCP/IP into its design, the majority of NetWare networks function with this proprietary protocol suite. This stack has many protocols within it |
| IPX (Internetwork Packet Exchange) | Netware - Works on the Network layer of the OSI model and provides connectionless service. It uses the MAC address and is non-routable. |
| SPX (Sequenced Packet Exchange) | Part of IPX/SPX Stack - Is a Transport layer protocol and is a connection-oriented protocol. It is a routable protocol. |
| MLID (Multiple Link Interface Driver) | Resides in the Data Link layer in the MAC sub-layer. This is the NIC driver in the IPX/SPX suite |
| LSL (Link Support Layer) | resides at the Data Link layer and provides the interface between the MLID and the upper layers |
| RIP (Routing Information Protocol) | This is a simple routing protocol that counts the hops needed to reach a destination. It chooses the route with the fewest hops, regardless of speed. It resides in the Network layer. |
| NLSP (NetWare Link Services Protocol) | This Netware Network layer protocol is also a routing protocol. In addition to hop count, this protocol takes into consideration link speed and network traffic to make more efficient routing decisions than RIP. |
| NCP (NetWare Control Protocol) | This Netware protocol resides at four different layers of the OSI model, and handles file and print services. At the Application layer it handles application interfaces. At the Presentation layer it handles data translation. At the Session layer it establishes and controls sessions. At the Transport layer it handles sequencing, flow control, and connection-oriented error control services. |
| SAP (Service Access Protocol) | This Application layer protocol is used on servers to broadcast (at specified intervals) the location and services that are available from that server. |
| NWLink | This Transport layer protocol is Microsoft’s version of IPX/SPX. It is routable and provides support for NetBIOS names. |
| SMB (Server Message Block) | This Microsoft protocol operates at the Presentation layer and is used for communication between the server and the redirector |
| SNA (Systems Network Architecture) | This protocol suite is used with IBM mainframes and AS/400 systems. The two main protocols in this stack are APPC (Advanced Peer-to-Peer Communications) and APPN |
| UDP (User Datagram Protocol) | provides the datagram service in TCP/IP. No error checking exists and delivery is not guaranteed, so the application must do the error checking and retransmission if necessary. Missing packets and out-of-sequence data is not checked and no acknowledgements are sent. It is faster than TCP because it is connectionless. It is also layered on IP like TCP |
| FTP (File Transfer Protocol) | This protocol is used for file sharing between computers on a TCP/IP network - Application layer protocol and is available for nearly every operating system. It is used to upload and download files on the Internet and between two computers. |
| TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) | Used for transferring files quickly and more simply than the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). It is less capable than FTP because it uses UDP rather than TCP, making it connectionless. If you do not need to use passwords, then it would be advisable over FTP |
| Telnet | This Application layer protocol allows a user to log on and run applications remotely. The local computer acts as a display only and all processing occurs remotely |
| SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) | Application layer protocol that is responsible for sending E-mail from the sender’s server to the recipient’s E-mail server |
| NFS (Network File System) | Sun Microsystems developed this as a file and drive sharing system. It operates like a combination of Telnet and FTP and allows users to access files and drives on remote computers as if they were local resources. It is an Application layer protocol. |
| NTP (Network Time Protocol) | Used in a networked environment to synchronize computer clock times. It uses Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) to synchronize computer clock times to a millisecond. It is designed to be reliable and allows for scalability |
| ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) | ______ keeps a table of matching MAC and IP addresses. A sending computer must know the MAC address of the destination computer in order to send data. ______ will first check its list and if a matching address is not found, it will send out a “discovery packet” over the network. The computer that has the corresponding IP address will respond by sending its MAC address. _____ will add the information to its table for future use. |
| X.25 | A packet switching protocol that is sometimes referred to as a public data network (PDN) because it is sometimes used by more than one organization. This is really a type of network that is owned by telephone companies who charge organizations for use. It uses standard telephone lines and switches, which can be unreliable due to the quality of phone lines. |
| XNS (Xerox Network System) | a proprietary protocol developed by Xerox for their Ethernet LANs. It is bulky and slow and has largely been replaced by TCP/IP |
| DLC (Data Link Control) | Operates at the Data Link layer of the OSI model. It was originally used to connect IBM mainframes to HP network printers. This protocol is not used for data communication. Instead, it is installed only on the print server and communicates directly with the printer. This is not an actual protocol and is not used to perform networking functions, only printing functions |
| LAT (Local Area Transport) | This protocol does not have a Network layer and that is the reason it is non-routable. It is a DEC protocol used for interactive, asynchronous terminal traffic over a LAN. It is typically used between a DECserver and a VAX minicomputer. |
| NetBEUI (NetBIOS Extended User Interface) | This non-routable protocol works at the Transport layer of the OSI model. It is fast, easy to configure and small, which is an advantage if using older MS-DOS-based systems. It may be used with bridges, but is primarily used today for backward compatibility with existing networks. |
| SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol) | Supports TCP/IP connections made over serial lines. It does not support IPX, NetBEUI, or DHCP. ____ requires static IP addressing and doesn’t support data encryption. |
| PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) | This protocol was developed to replace the SLIP protocol and alleviate some of its limitations. This protocol supports IPX, NetBEUI, DHCP, and others as well as TCP/IP. It also supports data encryption. |
| SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) | Devices using TCP/IP use ____ for controlling network communications. This management protocol interfaces with network analyzer software making it easier to manage complex networks. ____ is used extensively with intelligent hubs. |
| ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) | Used in error-handling and control procedures. It operates at the Network layer of the OSI model and performs connection services and flow control services. Like a traffic report on your radio, it detects congested areas and links that are down, and notifies upper layers to route around them. |
| DNS (Domain Name System) | translates names that humans understand into names that the computer understands. It maintains a database and provides name-to-address mappings for applications |
| XDR (External Data Representation) | handles translation and operates at the Presentation layer. It provides machineindependent data translations that may include encryption and data description |
| RPC (Remote Procedure Call) | Operates at the Session layer of the OSI model. It handles session establishment, administration, file transfers, and connection release. ____ is used by the redirector to determine if a resource is local or on the network. It makes the remote resources appear local to the computer. |
