| A | B |
|---|
| cytology | The study of cells |
| Golgi aparatus/Golgi complex | Packages and distributes proteins |
| vesicle | Small sac or cavity that moves material throughout the cell; distributes material from the Golgi complex to other parts of the cell |
| community | A group of different popolutions living together in a certain area |
| Theodor Schwann | 1839 - Concluded that all animal tissues were made of cells |
| cell | The smallest, basic unit of life; can perform all life processes (digestion, respiration, excretion, circulation, reproduction, etc.); comes in many different shapes and sizes; have many different functions |
| prokaryotic cells | Cells without a nucleus; no membrane-bound organelles; single cell (unicellular) |
| vacuole | A large vesicle that aids in digestion within the cell; stores food, water, waste material and digestive enzymes |
| Rudolph Virchow | 1858 - All cells could form only from existing cells |
| cytoplasm | The cell's fluid; protoplasm outside of the nucleus; performs all teh activities of cell except reproduction |
| plasmodesmata | Passageways that facilitates movement of materials between plant cells |
| rough endoplasmic reticulum | Found near the nucleus; contains ribosomes; delivers the proteins to the Golgi complex |
| nucleolus | Stores materials that will be used to make ribosomes |
| organ | Different tissues gropued together to perform a certain function (heart, liver, leaf, stem) |
| leucoplast (leucoplastid) | Non-green plastid used to store food (potato cell) |
| cell membrane (plasma membrane) | Outermost structure in cells that lack a cell wall; acts as a protective barrier; separates the cell's content from the environment;regulates the passage of materials (oxygen, carbon dioxide, food, waste) going in and out of the cell; contains proteins, lipids (fats and cholesterol) and phospholipids |
| Robert Hooke | 1665 - first person to describe cells; looked at cork cells; saw cell wall |
| microscopy | The study of microscopes |
| eukaryotic cells (true cells) | Cells with a nucleus; have membrane-bound organelles; many cells (multicellulor) |
| organisms | Made of one or more cells |
| chloroplast (chloroplastid) | Contains the green pigment (chlorophyll); used in photosynthesis |
| smooth endoplasmic reticulum | Makes lipids and breaks down toxic materials that could damage the cell; does not contain any ribosomes |
| cell wall | Rigid structure of non-living material that provides strength and support to the cell; composed of cellulose (complex sugar) |
| Matthias Scheiden | 1838 - concluded that all plant parts were made of cells |
| cytoskeleton | Web of proteins in the cytoplasm; prevents the cell membrane from collapsing |
| organelle | Smallest part of a cell (nucleus, cell wall, cytoplasm) |
| biosphere | The total world of life |
| centriole | Involved in cell division; pulls the chromosome apart |
| ribosomes | Protein factories of the cell; smallest of all organelles; site of protein synthesis (where proteins are made); some float freely in cytoplasm, others are attached to membranes of other organelles |
| nucleus | the bain of the cell; contains DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or genetic material; controls all activities of the cell especially reproduction |
| mitochondrion | Respiration centers of the cell; site of cellulor respiration; breaks down sugar to produce energy |
| tissue | Group of cells working together to perform a specific job (cardiac, connective, epithelial) |
| biome | A group of different communities with the same major life style (arid, tropical, polar) |
| Anton Leeuwenhoek | 1673 - perfected the microscope; saw microscopic organisms in pond water |
| endoplasmic reticulum | System of folded membranes that contain tubes and passageways; assists in the production, processing and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids |
| lysosomes | Suicide sacs of the cell; contains digestive enzymes; destroys worn-out or damaged organelles; gets rid of waste materials; protects the cell from foreign invaders |
| system | Ag roup of organs working together to perform a particular function (digestive, circulatory) |
| middle lamella | Area where two cell walls touch each other |
| organism | Any living thing with all organ systems and can perform life processes |
| vesicle | Small sac or cavity that moves material throughout the cell; distributes mateials from the Golgi complex to other parts of the cell |
| nuclear membrane | Protects the nucleus; controls materials going in and out of the nucleus |
| Camillo Golgi | 1898 - first identified the organelle that packages and distributes proteins |
| nucleoplasm | Protoplasm inside the nucleus; performs all the activities within the nucleus especially reproduction |
