| A | B |
| maize | corn |
| jade | shiny stone that comes in shades of green |
| obsidian | hard, black, volcanic glass useful for making weapons |
| hieroglyphics | system of writing that uses small pictures to represent sounds or words |
| empire | collection of different territories united under the rule of one government |
| cash crop | farm product grown for export |
| caudillo | Latin American ruler, often a military officer or wealthy individual ruling as a dictator |
| communist state | country whose government has strong control over the economy and society as a whole |