| A | B |
|---|
| Transcription | Copying one strand of DNA to RNA. |
| Messenger RNA | Has a sequence of codons which specify the precise order of amino acids in a protein. |
| Ribosomal RNA | Combines with proteins to form ribosomes (the site of protein synthesis). |
| Codon | A base triplet on mRNA which codes for an amino acid. |
| Transfer RNA | Delivers amino acids to the ribosome for assembly into proteins. |
| RNA polymerase | Binds to the promoter sequence on DNA to initiate transcription. |
| AUG | The start codon at the 5'-end of mRNA for initiation of translation. |
| UAA, UAG, UGA | The codons which act as stop codons during protein synthesis. |
| Translation | The process of decoding the genetic code on mRNA to synthesize a protein. |
| Promoter | A sequence on DNA to which the RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription. |
| Uracil | A nitrogenous base present in RNA instead of thymine. |
| Release factor protein | Binds to the stop codon on mRNA and terminates protein synthesis. |
