| A | B |
|---|
| Material culture | physical objects created by human groups |
| Counter culture | group that rejects the values, norms and practices of the larger society |
| Non-material culture | abstract human created language, ideas, beliefs rules, skills, etc. |
| culture | shared products of human groups |
| laws | written rules of conduct that are enacted and enforced by the government |
| mores | norms that have great moral significance attached to them |
| Folk ways | norms that don't have great moral significance attached to them - common customs |
| norms | shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in certain situations |
| symbol | anything that stands for something else |
| symbolic interaction | interaction between people that take place through the use of symbols |
| primary group | small group of people who interact over time on a direct and personal basis |
| secondary group | interaction is impersonal and temporary in nature |
| personality | sum total behavior, attitude, beliefs, and values that are characteristic of an individual |
| hereditary | transmission of genetic characteristics from parent to child |
| internalization | process by which a norm becomes a part of an individuals personality |
| positive sanctions | sanctions in the form of a reward |
| negative sanctions | sanctions in the form of a threat or punishment |
| agents of socialization | specific groups and institutions that provide the situations in which socialization can occur |
| heterogamy | people marry who have different social characteristics |
| functionist perspective | theoretical perspective that views society as a set of interelated parts that work together |
| ascribed status | states assigned according to standards beyond a person's control |
| values | shared beliefs about what is good or bad - desirable or undesirable |
| mass media | newspapers, magazines, television, etc. and other forms of communication |
| adolescence | period between the normal onset of puberty and the beginning of adulthood |
| deviance | a state or condition markedly different from the norm |
| achieved status | status acquired by an individual on the basis of some special skill, knowledge, or ability |
| status | socially defined position in a group or in a society |
| socialization | interactive process through which individuals learn basic skills, values, beliefs, and behavior problems of society |
| language | organization of written and spoken symbols into a standardized system |
| manifest function | intended and recognized consequence of some element of society |
| role | behavior - the rights and obligations expected of someone occupying a part of a particular statis |
| family of orientation | the family into which an individual is born |
| peer group | primary group composed of individuals of roughly equal age and social characteristics |
| reciprocal roles | corresponding roles that define the pattern of interaction between related status |
| Ethrocentrism | tendancy to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups |
| assimilation | blending of culturally distinct groups with a common culture and identity |
| social institution | system of roles, values, and norms that is organized to satisfy basic needs of society |
| resocialization | break with past experiences and the learning of new values and norms |
| stigma | mark of social disease that sets the deviant apart from the rest of society |
| dysfunction | negative consequence an element has for the stability of the social system |
| family of procreation | family that is created through marriage |
| instinct | unchanging, biological, inherited, behavior pattern |
| incest taboo | sexual relations inside the family |
