| A | B |
|---|
| Seismic waves | earthquakes waves transmitted through materials in Earth and along the Earth’s surface |
| Focus | point inside the Earth where movement first occurs and energy is released |
| Epicenter | point on the Earth’s surface located directly above the earthquake focus |
| Magnitude | measure of the energy released by the earthquake |
| Tsunamis | seismic sea waves; far from shore, their energy is spread out over large distances and great water depths |
| Volcanoes | cone, shaped mountain which spews out gas, magma, and solids |
| Lava | magma which flows onto Earth’s surface through the vent or opening |
| Tephra | bits of rock or solidified lava dropped from the air |
| Rifts | long cracks formed between plates which separate |
| Hot spot | large, rising bodies of magma rising from the Earth’s crust under water |
