| A | B |
|---|
| Spain | One of the first and greatest colonial empires during the Age of Discovery,  |
| Portugul | The fist of the great colonial empires to make discoveries in the New World,  |
| Ireland | One of England's colonies during the Age of Imperialism/Country of Victor's imprisonment,  |
| France | Became the model of the absolute monarchy during Louis XIV’s reign, not only the most powerful but one longest to exist in Europe, but ended in a bloody revolution that resulted in one of the first Republics in Europe,  |
| England | After they defeat Spain’s Armada under Elizabeth I, it became the rising star of the colonial empires, and the most powerful kingdoms in Europe next to France/ne of the first of the absolute monarchies to become a constitutional monarchy,  |
| Germany | Home of Guttenberg’s printing press, Martin Luther, and the Reformation,  |
| Italy | Home the Pope, the Vatican, and the center of power for the Roman Catholic Church--once the most powerful place in Europe up until the 15th century but with the decline of the Southern Renaissance, the rise of the Northern Renaissance, and the Reformation it's power dwindled . Othello begins in Venice with Italy defending Europe from the Ottomans,  |
| Turkey | The home of the most powerful Islamic Empires in the first and second millennium--considered the great threat to European Christendom,  |
| Russia | St. Petersberg, Russia--one of the last place Robert Walton stops before voyaging to the North Pole,  |
| Switzerland | Geneva, Switzerland is Frankenstein's home town,  |
| Belgium | King Leopold of Belgium was the first to spark African Imperialism in the Congo--the beginning of capitalistic colonialism driven by the industrial periods need for resources,  |
| conservatism | A political philosophy that stressed the importance of tradition, established |
| Ideology | System of ideas reflecting a particular social and political vision |
| suffrage | the right to vote |
| plebiscite | a vote by which the people of an entire country or district express an opinion for or against a proposal especially on a choice of government or ruler |
| utopian | A vision of a society that is so ideal that it is unlikely to actually exist |
| anarchism | a political philosophy that considers the state to be unnecessary, harmful, or otherwise undesirable, and favor instead a stateless society or anarchy |
| absolutist | Literally, a government or system of rule that has no restraints on the amount of power exercised |
