| A | B |
|---|
| What was the 100% American Movement? | People celebrated all things American while attacking all ideas and people they viewed as foreign or anti-American |
| This was a revolutionary group led by Vladimir I. Lenin who gained control of Russia during World War I | Bolsheviks |
| Who had been the czar of Russia and was overthrown during the Bolshevik Revolution? | czar Nicholas |
| What was the nickname for Lenin's forces? | the reds |
| What was the nickname for Lenin's opponents? | the whites |
| What groups of people made up the Whites? | former landowners, government officials, Britain, France, Japan, and the U.S |
| What does the U.S.S.R. stand for? | Union of Soviet Socialist Republics |
| This was a new social system that did not have economic classes or private property and was endorsed by the Bolsheviks. It believed all people should share equally in society's wealth | communism |
| This is the name of the widespread fear of communism that gripped the nation. | Red Scare |
| What was the result of the Gitlow v. New York Supreme Court Case? | The New York legislature had voted to bar five legally elected socialists from office and passed a law making it a crime to call for government revolution. This Supreme Court case declared New York's law unconstitutional |
| What was the outcome of Schenck v. U.S. | Schenck was a war opponent and mailed leters to men who were drafted and urged them not to report for duty. He was convicted under the Espionage Act. Schenck said he was only exercising his free speech. His case was upheld. Oliver Wendall Holmes said the government was justified in silencing free speech when there is a "clear and present danger" to the nation. |
| What was the Espionage Act? | a wartime law aimed at spies and people opposing the war. |
| What were the causes of the First Red Scare? | fear of communism, formation of Communist parties in teh U.S., exaggerated newspaper reports |
| What were the effects of the First Red Scare? | crime to call for overthrow of government, socialists barred from office, Palmer Raids, aliens deported |
| How did the U.S. government react to the Red Scare? | used wartime laws to arrest suspected radicals, deported aliens |
| What caused the Red Scare to die down? | predictions about the radical threat were not coming true, Communist movements in Germany and Hungary were failing, Lessening worldwide threat of Communism |
| During the War, President Wilson sought good relations with workers who were keeping the troops clothed and equipped. What gains did labor make during the war years? | shorter hours and higher wages, |
| What problems did soliders face as they returned home? | They expected jobs that weren't there |
| How did the Red Scare hurt labor unions? | It made many suspicious of organized labor. Communism's call for workers to rise up and overthrow the government made many people suspicious of organized labor. |
| one's standing in society relative to that of others | status |
| What was the result of the Boston Police Strike? | rioting broke out and the city descended into chaos. Governor Calvin Coolidge sent in the milita to end the stirke, making him a national hero. |
| What is Calvin Coolidge's famous quote from the Boston Police Strike? | "There is no right to strike agianst the public safety by anybody, anywhere, anytime. |
| How did labor strife grow in the postwar years? | thousands of labor strikes in 1919, including the Boston Police strike and strikes in the coal and steel industry. |
| Why were labor leaders unable to build on the gains they had made during World War I? | Wilson did little to promote workers' causes (too involved with foreign affairs), there was a sinking demand for factory goods (war was over and didn't need war supplies) and workers could easily be replaced. |
| What is nativism? | a distrust of foreigners. They were Protestant Christians whose roots were from Northern and Western Europe. When immigrants start arriving from Southern and Eastern Europe (Catholics and Jews) they argue that these groups were less willing to become "Americanized" |
| How did labor leaders view the new immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe? | they agreed with the Nativists and pushed for immigration restriction because new arrivals were usually willing to work for low wages. |
| What is a quota? | a set number. |
| What did the 1921 Immigration Law do? | It established quotas of immigrants to be allowed into the U.S. from various nations. |
| This act set quotas for each country at 2% of the number of people from that country curently living in the U.S. in 1890, clearly to reduce immigration from certain countries. It especially limited immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe. | National Origins Act |
| The National Origins Act nearly eliminated immigration from which countries? | Asian countries, especially Japan and China |
| Natisim produced a revival of this broup who originally targeted African Americans in the South. | KKK (Ku Klux Klan) |
| Who were the new targets of the KKK? | Jews, Catholics, and radicals |
| What was the KKK slogan of the 1920's | Native white, Protestant Supremacy |
| radicals who seek the destruction of government are called ________. | anarchists |
| What was the Sacco and Vanzetti court case? | Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were arrested for armed robbery and murder of a guard and paymaster at a shoe factory in Braintree, MA. They were Italian immigrants and proclaimed anarchists. The evidence against them was very weak, but they were convicted, senctenced to death and electrocuted. The case was highly controversial and many agree their political beliefs played a prominent role in the trial. |
| Who invented the first automobile? | Charles and Frank Duryea |
| What was the nickname of the first automobile? | the horseless carriage or Tin Lizzie |
| Who made the car affordable for most Americans? | Henry Ford |
| What were Winslow Taylor's time studies? | He did time studies to determine the most efficient way for workers to move. |
| What were Ford's three main ideas in producing auto? | 1. make cars simple and indentical instead of using expensive customized construction. 2. make the proces smooth, use interchangeable parts and moving belts, and 3. determine how workers should move and at what speeds to be the most productive |
| This is a production system in which the item being built moves along a conveyor beltto workstations that usually require simple skills. | assembly line |
| What is economies of scale? | The more you produce, the cheaper each one is. |
| Henry Ford believed in vertical consolidation. What is vertical consolidation? | Controlling all phases of production. He controlled iron ore, coal mines, steel mills, rubber plants, glass works, a forest for wood, tools were made in his own shops, he even had his own fleet. |
| What do we mean when we say Ford was a self-made man. | He came from "new money". He built his entrie empire with his own money. |
| Were America's roads ready for the automobile? | no, most were intended for horses and cattle |
| Who was the General who proposed an interstate and highway system in 1922, but it did not become a reality until Eisenhower became President in 1950. | General Pershing |
| What helped the entire auto industry grow? | competition |
| This is the measure of output per unit of input such as labor. | productivity |
| This is a system where companies provide benefits to employees to promote worker satisfaction and loyalty and get them to accept lower wages and reject unions. | welfare capitalism |
| payments made to workers when they retire | pensions |
| How did companies get employees to accept lower pay? | they offered company paid pensions and recreation programs |
| Where did Ford base his plant? | Detroit, Michigan |
| small towns inside of urban areas | suburbs |
| What other industries sprang up because of the automobile? | demand for steel, rubber, glass and other car materials soared. Auto repair shops and filling stations sprang up. Motels, campgrounds, and restaurants also arose to meet travelers needs. |
| This is an economy that depends on large amounts of buying by consumers or individuals who use or consume products | consumer economy |
| Where did the nation's first shopping center open? | Kansas City |
| How did Americans find out about the new products in a consumer economy? | advertising |
| paying for an item over time in small payments is called _________________ buying. | installment |
| When you use installment buying, you are buying on _________, which is, in effect, borrowing money | credit |
| How did installment buying and buying on credit change the consumer economy? | It encouraged people to buy who otherwise would not, even if they had to pay interest. |
| Who wrote My Antonia, a book about her expeiences in Nebraska and her observations of immigrant life. | Willa Cather |
| postwar era affect farmers? | Demand for their products slowed as competition from Europe emerged. Farm failures increased and the value of farmland declined. Boll weevil infestations ruined crops, Mississippi River flooded in 1927, killing thousands and leaving many homeless |
| Who became the President of the United States when Wilson's Presidency ended? | Warren Harding |
| What was Harding's campaign slogan? | "return to normalcy" |
| What was Harding's solution to the postwar economic troubles? | "less government in business and more business in government." |
| This tariff raised the cost of freign farm products. | Fordney-McCumber Tariff |
| How did Harding help the wealthy? | He reudced their taxes, believing that the wealthy would start businesses and pull Aemrica out of hard times. |
| How did Harding compensate for his poor governing skills? | He hired highly skilled cabinet members |
| Who did Harding appoint to the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury? | Andrew Mellon |
| Who did Harding appoint to the Secretary of State position? | Charles Evans Hughes |
| Who was Harding's Commerce Secreatary? | Herbert Hoover |
| What was the Ohio gang? | some of Hoover's cabinent members who were old friends from Ohio and later convicted of taking bribes |
| In this scandal, Secretary of the Interior, Albert Fall, was convicted and jailed for accepting bribes to allow oil companies to drill federal reserves on government land. | Teapot Dome |
| Who was the Vice-President when Harding died and he became the President? | Calvin Coolidge |
| Was Coolidge in favor of or against laissez-faire economics | He was in favor of laissez-faire economics. He thought businesses helped society and government should be limited. |
| How was Coolidge able to avoid being tainted by the scandals that had surfaced in the Harding administration. | He had a reputation for honesty and he worked quickly to get rid of those in government suspected of wrongdoing. |
| This act signed in 1934 granted citienship to all Native Americans born in the United States | Indian Citizenship Act |
| The United States loaned money to what European nation to help them pay their reparations from World War I? | Germany |
| This occurs when competing nations build more and more weapons to avoid one nation gaining a clear advantage | arms race |
| At this confernce it was decided that all major naval powers would cut back the size of their navies and scrapped existing ships and some under construction. | Washigton Naval Conference |
| This conference led to an aggreement to avoid competition among the world's military powers for control of China | Washington Naval Conference |
| He argued that the United States should invest more in building its air power. | Billy Mitchell |
| This was a pact among 60 nations stating that all countries who signed it would renounce war as a solution for international controversies | Kellogg-Briand Pact. |
| Why did the Kellogg-Briand Pact fail? | It had no system of enforcement, only the nations' promises, and the world woud soon realize that was not enough to stop war from happening again. |
| He was the attorney general who led governmental attacks against suspected radicals | Mitchell Palmer |
| citizens of other countries living in the United States | aliens |
| sending aliens back to their own country is called __________. | deportation |
| This was the government's anti-Communist campaign that attacked radicals and justified these attacks with wartime laws that gave the government broad power against suspected radicals. | Palmer Raids |
| This state saw a sharp increase in the price of land and in the 1920's due to an increase in the number of people traveling for pleasure. | Florida |
| Soldiers brought back what disease in 1919 and caused an epidemic in the United States? | influenza |
