| A | B |
|---|
| structuralism | an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the structural elements of the human mind |
| functionalism | a school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes function—how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish |
| behaviorism | the view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2) |
| humanistic psychology | historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individual’s potential for personal growth |
| cognitive neuroscience | the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language) |
| psychology | the science of behavior and mental processes |
| nature vs. nurture | the longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors |
| natural selection | the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations |
| levels of analysis | the differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon |
| biopsychosocial approach | an integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis |
| basic research | pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base |
| applied research | scientific study that aims to solve practical problems |
| counseling psychology | a branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being |
| clinical psychology | a branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders |
| psychiatry | a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical (for example, drug) treatments as well as psychological therapy |
| SQ3R | a study method incorporating five steps: Survey, Question, Read, Rehearse, Review |
