| A | B |
|---|
| homeostasis | body's internal environment kept stable despite changes in external environment |
| cell | the basic unit of life |
| tissue | a group of cells working together |
| organ | a group of tissue working together |
| organ system | a group of organs working together to perform a specific function |
| skeletal system | system that provides structure, movement, produces blood and stores minerals |
| muscular system | system that provides movement / voluntary and involuntary |
| digestive system | system that breaks down and absorbs nutrients |
| nervous system | system that transmits signals throughout body for communication |
| respiratory system | system that exchanges CO2 for O2 |
| circulatory system | system that transports materials throughout body |
| endocrine system | system that uses hormones for communication |
| integumentary system | system that provides a protective covering for body and internal cavities/organs |
| reproductive system | system that produces new life |
| excretory system | system that filters waste from the blood |
| immune system | system that fights disease |
| cellular respiration | using glucose and oxygen to produce energy with waste products of CO2 and H2O |
| ligaments | connects bone to bone |
| tendons | connects muscle to bone |
| cartilage | rubbery material that reduces friction at joints |
| bone marrow | produces blood |
| periosteum | protective covering for bone |
| calcium and phosphorus | important minerals stored in bone |
| joint | where two bones come together |
| voluntary | intentional actions of the body |
| involuntary | actions of the body carried out on their own without thought process |
| 1st degree sprain | ligaments/tendons are stretched |
| 2nd degree sprain | ligaments/tendons are torn |
| 3rd degree sprain | ligaments/tendons are completely torn |
| fracture | a break in the bone |
| dislocation | a bone popped out of joint |
| tendonitis | inflammation of the tendon |
| RICE | to treat a sprain (rest, ice, compression and elevation) |
| nutrient | substances the body needs for survival |
| calorie | a measure of the energy in food |
| carbohydrate | (glucose) food that provides energy |
| protein | long chains of amino acids used as building supplies for the body |
| enzymes | speed up chemical reactions |
| saturated fats | solid at room temperature / from animals / "bad fats" |
| unsaturated fats | liquid at room temperature / from plants / "good fats" |
| minerals | inorganic nutrients for the body |
| vitamins | organic nutrients for the body |
| chemical digestion | the breakdown of foods on a molecular level |
| mechanical digestion | the physical breakdown of foods (chewing/stomach churning) |
| mucus | substance that lines internally to protect against antigens, gastric juices, etc. |
| arteries | blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart |
| veins | blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart |
| capillaries | microscopic blood vessels one cell thick that deliver nutrients and oxygen to cells and remove their wastes |
| atherosclerosis | build up plaque on arterial walls |
| phagocytes | white blood cells that capture and breakdown foreign substances / antigens in the body |
| lymphocytes | white blood cells |
| B - Cells | white blood cells that carry antibodies to kill specific harmful invaders |
| T - Cells | white blood cells that fight antigens and signal B-Cells to produce appropriate antibodies |
| Fibrin | substance that "catches" blood particles to produce a clot / dries to form a scab |
| transfusion | transferring blood from one person to another |
| anemia | condition where iron in blood is low |
| sickle-cell anemia | disease where RBC is misshapen |
| lymph | substance in body that collects stray fluids in body and returns it to blood |
| pharynx | fancy science word for throat |
| larynx | vocal cords |
| diaphragm | muscle responsible for breathing |
| cilia | microscopic hairs in the body |
| villi | projections in the small intestine that increase surface area to absorb more nutrients |
| bronchitis | infection of the bronchi |
| asthma | when airflow is constricted |
| emphysema | alveoli are damaged by tar from smoking tobacco |
| nephrons | filering units in the kidneys |
| stimulus | any change in the external environment |
| neuron | nerve cell |
| dendrite | part of the neuron that receives nerve impulses |
| reflex | an involunary response to a stimulus |
| response | a voluntary response to a stimulus |
| sensory neuron | receives the nerve impulse |
| interneuron | interprets the nerve impulse and makes the decision for a response |
| motor neuron | carries out the response |
| receptor | detects the stimulus |
| effector | carries out the response |
| central nervous system | makes up the brain and spinal cord |
| peripheral nervous system | makes up the surrounding nervous system |
| autonomic nervous system | responsible for involuntary actions |
| somatic nervous system | responsible for voluntary actions |
| meninges | protective covering for nervous system |
| cerebrospinal fluid | bluish fluid that surrounds and protects the brain and spinal cord |
| semicircular canals | responsible for balance |
| hormone | chemical messengers in the body |
| negative feedback | when one hormone level is reduced by the secretion of a responding hormone (thermostat idea) |
| adolescence | the time of development between childhood and adulthood |
| puberty | development of sex organs |
| fertilization | when sperm meets egg |
| implantation | when the embryo implants itself on the uterine wall |
| menstruation | discharge of uterine lining if egg is not fertilized |
| labor | series of uterine contraction to open cervix and expel fetus |
| delivery | expulsion of fetus |
| afterbirth | expulsion of placenta |
| passive immunity | type of immunity when antibodies are given from an outside source |
| active immunity | type of immunity when antibodies are made from fighting the disease |
| vaccination | a dead or weakened version of the disease for body to fight to make antibody |
| immunization | when antibody of a disease is given |
| antigen | fancy science word for germ |
| contagious | description of an infectious disease |
| drug | anything besides food purposely ingested that has an effect on the body |
| stimulant | drug that speeds up the nervous system |
| depressant | drug that slows down the nervous system |
| opiate / narcotic | drug used as a painkiller |
| hallucinogen | drug that alters perception or creates images that don't exist |
| tolerance | when the body requires more of a drug for the same effect |
| withdrawal | the body's reaction when drug use is stopped |
| dependence / addiction | when the body requires a drug in order to function properly |
| nicotine | the addictive substance in tobacco |
| caffeine | a mild addictive stimulant |
| observation | a fact that can't be argued |
| inference | an opinion that could be argued |
| quantitative observation | an observation that is a measurement or count |
| qualitative observation | observation based on one or more of the five senses |
| standard | acceptable, useful and uniform form of measurement |
| calibration | to mark and number a scale according to a standard |
| metric system | scientific measurement system based on tens |
| temperature | the amount of molecular motion in an object |
| weight | the pull of gravity on an object |
| density | a measure of mass per unit of volume of a substance |
